寰椎、枢椎及齿突的临床应用解剖学研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 10:33

本文选题：寰椎 + 枢椎　；参考：《延边大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： [目的]本实验的目的是通过对成人颈部脊柱区的解剖,观测寰椎、枢椎椎弓根的宽度、长度及齿突的高度、齿突的冠状径、齿突的矢状径和齿状突后倾角等,加深对寰椎、枢椎及齿突的局部解剖学的了解,为临床手术操作提供解剖学依据,为我国人类学研究进一步积累资料。 [方法]1.选取10例经福尔马林固定的成人颈部脊柱区标本,逐层解剖,观察颈椎的形态、位置。 2.充分暴露颈背部,去除颈椎周围的软组织,显露颈椎,分离寰枕关节,断头;分离第七颈椎和第一胸椎关节,完整取下颈椎。观察颈椎整体观,然后分离各颈椎。 3.采用游标卡尺(精确度为0.02 mm)和量角器(精确度为1°)测量寰椎、枢椎及齿突的相关解剖学数据。 [结果]1.寰椎椎弓根的宽度为左侧(11.66±1.21)mm,右侧(11.63±1.42)mm;椎弓根长度左侧(26.83±0.78)mm,右侧(27.12±0.69)mm;椎动脉沟最薄处后弓高度左侧(4.54±0.81)mm,右侧(4.55±0.85)mm。 2.枢椎椎弓根高度左侧(8.26±0.67)mm,右侧(8.20±1.12)mm;椎弓根上宽左侧(8.60±1.83)mm,右侧(8.22±1.60)mm;椎弓根下宽左侧(4.49±0.42)mm,右侧(4.37±0.46)mm。 3.枢椎高度为(36.20±2.25)mm;齿突高度为(14.27±1.09)mm;齿突的的冠状径为(8.95±0.39)mm;齿突的矢状径为(9.98±0.35)mm;齿突后倾角为(9.5±1.9)°。 [结论]1.为寰椎、枢椎及齿突螺钉内固定技术提供了解剖学依据,寰椎:螺钉长度为(26～28)mm,直径为(3.0～3.5)mm。枢椎:螺钉长度为(24～28)mm,直径为(3.0～3.5)mm。齿突:螺钉长度为(3.5～4.0)cm,直径为(4.0～4.5)mm,具有科学的指导意义。 2.寰椎、枢椎及齿突螺钉内固定技术可适用于大部分成年人,强调螺钉内固定术的个体化操作。 3.对齿突的解剖学测量,为人类学研究提供了依据。
[Abstract]:[objective] the purpose of this experiment was to observe the width, length and height of the atlas and axial pedicle, the coronal diameter of the odontoid process, the sagittal diameter of the odontoid process and the posterior inclination angle of the odontoid process through the anatomy of the cervical spine area of the adult. The understanding of local anatomy of axis and odontoid process provides anatomic basis for clinical operation and further accumulates data for anthropology research in China. [methods] 1. Ten adult cervical spine specimens fixed by formalin were dissected layer by layer to observe the shape and position of cervical vertebrae. 2. Fully exposed the cervical back, removed the soft tissue around the cervical spine, exposed the cervical vertebrae, separated the atlanto-occipital joint, severed the head, separated the seventh cervical spine and the first thoracic vertebrae joint, and removed the lower cervical vertebrae completely. Observe the overall view of the cervical spine, and then separate the cervical vertebrae. 3. The anatomical data of atlas, axis and odontoid process were measured by Vernier caliper (accuracy 0.02 mm) and protractor (accuracy 1 掳). [result] 1. The width of atlas pedicle was 11.66 卤1.21mm on the left and 11.63 卤1.42mm on the right, the length of the pedicle was 26.83 卤0.78mm on the left and 27.12 卤0.69mm. the height of the posterior arch was 4.54 卤0.81mm. the height of the posterior arch was 4.54 卤0.85mm. 2. The height of pedicle of axis was 8.26 卤0.67 mm on the left side, 8.20 卤1.12 mm on the right side, 8.60 卤1.83 mm on the left side, 8.22 卤1.60 mm on the right side, 4.49 卤0.42 mm on the left side and 4.37 卤0.46 mm on the right side. 3. The height of axis was 36.20 卤2.25mm. the height of odontoid process was 14.27 卤1.09mm. the coronal diameter of odontoid process was 8.95 卤0.39mm. the sagittal diameter of odontoid process was 9.98 卤0.35mm. [conclusion] 1. It provides anatomic basis for the technique of internal fixation of atlas, axis and odontoid process screws. The length of the screw is 26mm and the diameter of the screw is 3.0m ~ 3.5m ~ (-1). Axis: the length of screw was 24m, and the diameter of screw was 3.0m ~ 3.5m ~ (-1). Odontoid process: the length of screw is 3.5 ~ 4.0 cm and the diameter is 4.0 ~ 4.5 mm, which is of scientific guiding significance. 2. Screw fixation of atlas, axis and odontoid process is suitable for most adults, emphasizing the individualized operation of screw fixation. 3. Anatomical measurements of the odontoid process provide a basis for anthropological research.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R322

【参考文献】