磁共振下手术导航系统的研究和实现

发布时间：2018-02-23 01:12

本文关键词： 磁共振手术导航系统矫正坐标配准坐标变换　出处：《宁波大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济和科学技术的发展,人们对于生活质量的要求也相应提高,特别是在跟自身息息相关的食品、健康、医疗等方面的要求也越来越高。在医疗方面,原有的传统解剖手术即使能治愈病人,也会给病人带来较多并发症以及较大的创伤性,且非常不利于病人的术后恢复。如今人们对于手术的要求也越来越高,不仅要能很好的切除病灶,达到治愈病情的效果,而且也要尽量减少手术对人体带来的伤害,使得病人能在术后能较快的恢复,减少相应的并发症。在这样的社会环境和市场需求下,手术导航系统应运而生。本文在总结了手术导航系统研究现状和参考了多种不同类型的手术导航系统的基础上,对手术导航系统中的三个关键技术展开了研究:1.在坐标配准方面,本文使用基于特征点集的配准算法。在用以坐标配准的特征点选取方法上,提出了一种脱离病人身体特征的基于外部工具的特征点采集方法,在特征点采集过程中,完全摆脱人机交互的依赖性,使用图像分割技术自动识别感应球的圆心,降低了人为取点集对配准结果的精确性影响。2.在坐标变换方面,本文在传统坐标变换的基础上引入了基于四元数的方向变换的概念,针对磁共振物理坐标空间和虚拟影像显示空间存在度量尺度差异的情况,给出了坐标尺度换算的方法来解决这个问题。3.在系统矫正方面,针对低场强磁共振环境下图像均匀性和信噪比受外部环境的影响较大的问题,本文给出了一套系统矫正和配准的流程方案,使用自制的系统矫正工具,通过软件的流程控制来快速矫正系统中几个坐标系之间的配准关系,并提出一种动态矫正磁场中心平衡技术来确保系统的导航精度不受外界环境的影响。本文提出的三个关键技术上的解决方案,已成功运用于鑫高益公司的微创手术导航系统中。较之其他磁共振下的手术导航系统,不仅保证了系统的导航精度,使其能准确显示病灶和手术器械的信息,同时也降低了手术成本,解决了患者治病难的问题。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and science and technology, people's requirements for the quality of life have been raised accordingly, especially in the fields of food, health and medical care, which are closely related to themselves. In the medical field, Even if the traditional anatomical surgery can cure the patients, it will bring more complications and more traumatic injuries to the patients, and it will be very unfavorable to the postoperative recovery of the patients. Nowadays, people are demanding more and more surgery. Not only can the focus be excised very well to achieve the effect of curing the disease, but also the injury to the human body caused by the operation should be minimized, so that the patient can recover more quickly after the operation. Under such social environment and market demand, surgical navigation system emerges as the times require. This paper summarizes the research status of surgical navigation system and refers to a variety of different types of surgery navigation system. In this paper, three key techniques in surgical navigation system are studied: 1. In the aspect of seat registration, this paper uses a registration algorithm based on feature points set. In this paper, a method of feature point acquisition based on external tools is proposed, which is independent of the patient's body characteristics. In the process of feature point acquisition, the image segmentation technique is used to automatically identify the center of the induction ball. In the process of feature point acquisition, the dependence of human-computer interaction is completely removed. In the aspect of coordinate transformation, the concept of direction transformation based on quaternion is introduced on the basis of traditional coordinate transformation. In view of the difference of measurement scale between physical coordinate space of magnetic resonance and virtual image display space, the method of coordinate scale conversion is given to solve this problem. Aiming at the problem that image uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are greatly affected by external environment in low-field magnetic resonance environment, a set of system correction and registration process is presented in this paper, and a self-made system correction tool is used. The registration relationship between several coordinate systems can be corrected quickly by the flow control of the software. A dynamic magnetic field center balancing technique is proposed to ensure that the navigation accuracy of the system is not affected by the external environment. Three key technical solutions are proposed in this paper. Yu Xin Gaoyi's minimally invasive surgical navigation system has been successfully used. Compared with other surgical navigation systems under MRI, it not only ensures the navigation accuracy of the system, but also enables it to accurately display the information about the lesions and surgical instruments. At the same time, it also reduces the cost of operation and solves the problem of patient's treatment.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R616;TP391.41

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