针麻镇痛研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 01:06

本文选题：针麻镇痛 + 历史发展阶段　；参考：《针刺研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：回顾针麻镇痛的科研道路,可以分为几个阶段:(1)初期探索:1958年上海和西安有一部分医生将针刺技术应用于外科手术,试图不用麻醉药或减少麻醉药用量而完成外科手术,称之为针刺麻醉(针麻)。这一创新性临床实践,引起医学界的广泛兴趣。(2)临床推展:1965年开始全国许多医院进行仿效;20世纪70年代达到高潮,全国几乎所有医院全部开展针麻;进入20世纪80年代,临床应用针麻逐渐减少。(3)原理探讨:1965年开始,大量基础研究工作者参与进行人体和动物实验研究,从1970年开始的30年间,针麻镇痛研究论文持续发表,这些科研肯定了针刺镇痛疗效,并试图阐明其原理。1997年美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)举办针刺疗法听证会,证明针刺镇痛的有效性和科学性,导致国内和国际上加大了科研资助,针麻镇痛研究在全球广泛开展。(4)重点研究:2007年中国将针麻镇痛列为重点研究项目,在全国9个大医院进一步确定开展临床针麻镇痛的有效性及其相关原理的研究。确认了电针与手针有同样的镇痛效果,研制出了电针仪和经皮穴位电刺激仪器,临床实践证明其可以简化针麻镇痛步骤,便于在手术室推广应用。(5)理论总结:鉴于经络的实质尚待明确,但可以明确的是分布于穴位下的神经纤维是刺激"穴位"发挥镇痛作用不可或缺的重要成分,因此认为,可以用现代神经科学知识理解针麻实质。中国古老的针灸疗法与现代神经科学两者互相促进,提高并扩展了针刺相关疗法的临床应用,更好地实现为患者服务的目的。(6)回归现实:经过半个世纪的实践和发展,针刺具有镇痛作用的事实已得到国际科学界的认可,"针刺辅助麻醉"或"针药复合麻醉"已成为某些特定手术的首选麻醉技术。由于开展针麻镇痛研究而掀起的科研浪潮既促进了针刺疗法在全世界的应用,也推动了针灸疗法本身和神经科学的发展。但理论和实践的转化,基础和临床的交融,是永无止境的。半个世纪的实践值得加以总结,以便深入阐明原理,提高临床效果,纠正可能的错误。
[Abstract]:Reviewing the research path of acupuncture and anesthesia analgesia, we can divide it into several stages: in 1958, some doctors in Shanghai and Xi'an applied acupuncture technique to surgery, trying to complete surgery without anesthetic or reducing the amount of anesthetic. Call it acupuncture anaesthesia (acupuncture anaesthesia). This innovative clinical practice has aroused wide interest in the medical profession. (2) Clinical development: in 1965, many hospitals throughout the country began to emulate and reached their climax in the 1970s, and almost all hospitals throughout the country developed acupuncture anesthesia; in the 1980s, Discussion on the principle of Acupuncture and Anesthesia decreasing gradually: since 1965, a large number of basic researchers have participated in human and animal experimental studies. During the 30 years since 1970, the research papers on Acupuncture Analgesia have been published continuously. These scientific studies confirmed the efficacy of acupuncture analgesia and tried to clarify its principle. In 1997, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) held a hearing on acupuncture therapy, which proved that acupuncture analgesia is effective and scientific, leading to increased domestic and international funding for scientific research. Acupuncture and Analgesia (Acupuncture Analgesia) has been widely studied in the world. In 2007, Acupuncture Analgesia was listed as a key research project in China, and the effectiveness and related principles of Acupuncture Analgesia were further determined in nine major hospitals in China. It is confirmed that electroacupuncture has the same analgesic effect as hand acupuncture, and an electroacupuncture instrument and a transdermal acupoint electric stimulation instrument have been developed, which have been proved by clinical practice to simplify the analgesic steps of acupuncture and anesthesia. Conclusion: since the essence of meridian is still to be clarified, but it can be clearly defined that nerve fibers distributed under acupoints are the indispensable components of analgesia by stimulating "acupoints". Modern neuroscience knowledge can be used to understand the essence of acupuncture and anesthesia. The ancient acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in China and modern neuroscience promote each other, improve and expand the clinical application of acupuncture related therapy, and better realize the purpose of serving patients.) return to reality: after half a century of practice and development, The fact that acupuncture has analgesic effect has been recognized by the international scientific community. "Acupuncture Auxiliary Anesthesia" or "Acupuncture combined Anesthesia" has become the first choice of anesthetic technology in some specific operations. The wave of research on acupuncture analgesia has promoted the application of acupuncture in the world and the development of acupuncture itself and neuroscience. But the transformation of theory and practice, the blending of basic and clinical, is endless. The practice of half a century is worth summing up in order to clarify the principle, improve the clinical effect and correct possible mistakes.
【作者单位】：北京大学神经科学研究所;
【分类号】：R246.2

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