几种个性化髋关节假体的设计与生物力学分析
发布时间：2018-12-14 19:19
【摘要】：股骨是人体重要的承重结构,承载者人体上半身的全部重量与人的奔走运动的重要责任。但是由于外力与疾病等的影响经常会出现股骨上段的不可逆病变,假体置换是还原股骨上段功能的方式之一。全世界人口60几个亿,每年会有50多万患者选择髋关节置换。人工股骨柄的植入效果与其所承受的力学环境有着密切的联系,而股骨柄的受力情况主要受假体的形态影响。目前临床上常用的假体都是几种常规形状的假体,并且都是根据经验进行选择,并没有考虑患者本身骨力学特性对假体植入后效果的影响。本文就是针对这个问题开展研究。因国内所使用的股骨柄大部分都是从国外进口而来,尤其是美国的产品,因此应当查找美国人与中国人的骨密度进行对比。国人与美国人的平均骨密度相比,上限相差40%,下限相差35%。骨密度差距主要集中分布在20%左右的范围内。因此选取集中区域的分布值作为计算参考。建立了有两种材料属性的股骨三维有限元模型,设计了四种假体模型并与市场上一种流行的假体进行比较。发现假体因设计的不同而对骨密度的需求也不同,对不同骨密度的股骨上的影响也不同.根据不同的判定的方式而导致的假体适应性也不同。经过有限元分析得出,设计的改型1假体因导致股骨近端应力过大而被舍弃。通过对比后发现不同的判定准则会对应不同的假体。采用应力或应变作为判据时,改型4假体适用在大转子区域的骨密度在0.69-0.77 g/cm3区间的股骨。当采用应变能作为判据时,改型2假体适用于大转子区域的骨密度在0.780-0.862 g/cm3区间的股骨。当采用应变能密度作为判据时,改型3假体适用在大转子区域的骨密度在0.657-0.780 g/cm3与0.862-0.985 g/cm3区间内的股骨。因此假体的选择与设计时应当充分考虑假体几何形态受骨密度的影响。尽可能多方面的考虑假体的力学判据。
[Abstract]:Femur is an important bearing structure of human body. However, due to the influence of external force and disease, there are often irreversible lesions in the upper femur. Prosthesis replacement is one of the ways to reduce the function of the upper femur. With a population of more than 6 billion, more than half a million patients choose hip replacement every year. The effect of artificial femur pedicle implantation is closely related to its mechanical environment, while the mechanical condition of femoral stalk is mainly affected by the shape of prosthesis. At present, the commonly used prostheses in clinic are several kinds of conventional shape prostheses, and they are all selected according to experience, and the influence of the patient's own bone mechanics characteristics on the effect of prosthesis implantation is not considered. This article is to carry out research on this issue. Since most of the femur handles used in China are imported from abroad, especially in the United States, bone mineral density should be compared between Americans and Chinese. The upper limit and the lower limit differ by 40 and 35, respectively, compared with the average bone mineral density of Americans. The bone mineral density difference is mainly distributed in the range of about 20%. Therefore, the distribution value of the concentrated region is selected as the reference for the calculation. Three dimensional finite element model of femur with two kinds of material properties was established, and four kinds of prosthesis models were designed and compared with a popular prosthesis in the market. It was found that the bone mineral density (BMD) requirement of prosthesis was different according to the design, and the effect on femoral bone density was also different. The adaptability of the prosthesis is different according to the different way of judgment. Finite element analysis showed that the modified 1 prosthesis was abandoned because of excessive stress at the proximal end of femur. After comparison, it is found that different criteria will correspond to different prostheses. When stress or strain is used as criterion, the modified 4 prosthesis is suitable for femur with BMD of 0.69-0.77 g/cm3 in the region of great trochanter. When strain energy was used as the criterion, the modified 2 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density ranging from 0.780-0.862 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. When the strain energy density was used as the criterion, the modified 3 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density of 0.657-0.780 g/cm3 and 0.862-0.985 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. Therefore, the choice and design of prosthesis should take into account the effect of bone mineral density on the geometry of prosthesis. Consider the mechanics criterion of prosthesis as much as possible.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R687.4;R318.17
[Abstract]:Femur is an important bearing structure of human body. However, due to the influence of external force and disease, there are often irreversible lesions in the upper femur. Prosthesis replacement is one of the ways to reduce the function of the upper femur. With a population of more than 6 billion, more than half a million patients choose hip replacement every year. The effect of artificial femur pedicle implantation is closely related to its mechanical environment, while the mechanical condition of femoral stalk is mainly affected by the shape of prosthesis. At present, the commonly used prostheses in clinic are several kinds of conventional shape prostheses, and they are all selected according to experience, and the influence of the patient's own bone mechanics characteristics on the effect of prosthesis implantation is not considered. This article is to carry out research on this issue. Since most of the femur handles used in China are imported from abroad, especially in the United States, bone mineral density should be compared between Americans and Chinese. The upper limit and the lower limit differ by 40 and 35, respectively, compared with the average bone mineral density of Americans. The bone mineral density difference is mainly distributed in the range of about 20%. Therefore, the distribution value of the concentrated region is selected as the reference for the calculation. Three dimensional finite element model of femur with two kinds of material properties was established, and four kinds of prosthesis models were designed and compared with a popular prosthesis in the market. It was found that the bone mineral density (BMD) requirement of prosthesis was different according to the design, and the effect on femoral bone density was also different. The adaptability of the prosthesis is different according to the different way of judgment. Finite element analysis showed that the modified 1 prosthesis was abandoned because of excessive stress at the proximal end of femur. After comparison, it is found that different criteria will correspond to different prostheses. When stress or strain is used as criterion, the modified 4 prosthesis is suitable for femur with BMD of 0.69-0.77 g/cm3 in the region of great trochanter. When strain energy was used as the criterion, the modified 2 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density ranging from 0.780-0.862 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. When the strain energy density was used as the criterion, the modified 3 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density of 0.657-0.780 g/cm3 and 0.862-0.985 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. Therefore, the choice and design of prosthesis should take into account the effect of bone mineral density on the geometry of prosthesis. Consider the mechanics criterion of prosthesis as much as possible.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R687.4;R318.17
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