体表电位标测系统的研制

发布时间：2018-05-02 08:33

本文选题：体表电位标测 + 多通道采集　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：心脏是人体最重要的器官之一,心脏的心肌细胞会产生电生理征象,它在人体表面表现为变化的电场,电场在人体表面可形成不同的电势分布,这些电势分布能反映心脏的生理和病理状况。体表电位标测系统可以检测到这些电势分布的变化,体表电位标测系统通常在人体躯干表面放置若干电极拾取心电信号,与计算机结合经过特定的处理后观测体表电势分布及其变化,以此研究心脏在生理和病理的体表电位分布情况,用于辅助诊断心脏疾病。体表电位标测系统采用的电极偏多,分布较广,能够获取与常规心电图相比更全面的心脏电信息,能观察到更细微的心脏电活动的空间变化规律。在国外,体表电位标测已用于心脏疾病或心肌兴奋异常的临床诊断。但在国内,体表电位标测还处于临床试验阶段,操作繁琐以及价格与价值的不相称是其难以大规模推广应用的主要原因。基于此,本文旨在降低体表电位标测系统的各项成本,简化系统操作步骤。本文聚焦于体表电位标测系统的研制,主要工作包括详细设计了体表电位标测系统的硬件部分,电极衣,软件系统等几个方面。首先在硬件部分设计中采用了具有高共模抑制比,输入噪声为微伏级的心电采集板卡,电极衣的电极选择镀银扣钮和导电布,使电极与人体有足够充分的接触面积,保证心电信号采集的质量,系统主控板采用了基于M4内核的微处理器作为数据调控核心,协调数据的控制与传输,系统主控板与下位机间建立了稳定可靠的数据传输机制;其次在多通道心电数据同步以及等电位图生成算法的实现等方面进行了深入的研究,包括通讯协议与滤波等处理,边表的生成,等值点指针表以及间隔增量算法等;系统同步采集96导心电信号,可实时采集多个心动周期的数据并保存,提取到心电相关的信息参数经过特定的算法可生成人体体表等电位图,任意时刻电位图可于上位机回放查看,上位机界面包括数据回放系统以及波形显示模块;系统经过实验室及临床的验证,性能达到标准要求;本系统的研制为将来能够实现更多导联体表电位标测系统提供了硬件系统以及软件平台参考。
[Abstract]:The heart is one of the most important organs of the human body. The cardiac myocytes of the heart produce electrophysiological signs. It shows a changing electric field on the surface of the human body, and the electric field forms different potential distribution on the surface of the human body. These potential distributions reflect the physiological and pathological state of the heart. These potential distributions can be detected by the body surface potential mapping system, which usually places several electrodes on the human torso surface to pick up ECG signals. Combined with computer, the distribution of body surface potential and its changes were observed in order to study the physiological and pathological distribution of the body surface potential of the heart, which was used to assist the diagnosis of heart disease. The surface potential mapping system is characterized by more electrodes and wider distribution, which can obtain more comprehensive ECG information than conventional electrocardiogram, and can observe the spatial changes of cardiac electrical activity in a more subtle way. In foreign countries, body surface potential mapping has been used in the diagnosis of heart disease or abnormal myocardial excitability. But in our country, the body surface potential mapping is still in the clinical trial stage, the complicated operation and the mismatch between the price and the value are the main reasons why it is difficult to be popularized on a large scale. Based on this, the purpose of this paper is to reduce the cost of body surface potential mapping system and simplify the operation steps of the system. This paper focuses on the development of the body surface potential mapping system. The main work includes the detailed design of the hardware part of the body surface potential mapping system, electrode coat, software system and so on. First of all, in the hardware design, the ECG acquisition board with high common-mode rejection ratio and low input noise is adopted, and the electrode of the electrode coat selects silver plated button and conductive cloth, so that the electrode has sufficient contact area with the human body. To ensure the quality of ECG signal collection, the system main control board adopts the microprocessor based on M4 kernel as the data control core, coordinates the data control and transmission, and establishes the stable and reliable data transmission mechanism between the system main control board and the lower computer. Secondly, in the aspects of multi-channel ECG data synchronization and the realization of equipotential diagram generation algorithm, including the processing of communication protocol and filtering, the generation of edge table, the equivalent point pointer table and the algorithm of interval increment, etc. The system synchronously collects 96 lead ECG signals, and can collect and save the data of multiple cardiac cycles in real time. The electrocardiograph can be generated by a specific algorithm. At any time, the potential diagram can be replayed on the host computer. The interface of the upper computer includes the data playback system and the waveform display module, the system has been verified by the laboratory and clinic, and the performance of the system has reached the standard requirement. The development of this system provides the reference of hardware system and software platform for realizing more lead surface potential mapping system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP274;R540.4

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