心脏可视化研究及其在量化分析中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-16 04:33

本文选题：心脏可视化模型 + 心脏纤维骨架　；参考：《第三军医大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：心脏是人体循环系统的动力泵,具有泵血出心和引血回心的功能,对全身的血氧营养物质的供应、细胞维持正常功能和代谢有重要的作用。中国心血管病的死亡率占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位,且患病率仍处于持续上升阶段。心脏疾病的早期诊断、进展检测、早期治疗对挽救患者生命、提高生命质量具有重要的意义。心脏医学图像的可视化是联系医学影像和形态学及其运动规律的桥梁,能够帮助人们发现医学规律、解释医学现象、解决医学问题。同时可视化技术也是知识传承的有效方式,能够将现有的知识赋予心脏可视化模型上,在医学的教学、临床辅助诊断、临床影像大数据分析、手术规划导航、虚拟仿真实验、药物研发中可有广泛的应用前景。本文以心脏可视化为研究方向,在深化心脏可视化模型的细致程度,建立符合解剖特点的可视化形式,及可视化在细微病灶上的聚焦作用等方面,结合心脏解剖进行了探讨,建立了一系列的可视化模型、面向临床应用的可视化方法并开发了心血管影像分析可视化分析软件系统,用于辅助临床医学影像的可视化量化分析。本文的研究成果包括:1.建立了真实人体心脏高精度的三维可视化解剖模型,包括24个解剖结构,并首次建立了原位的人体心脏的纤维骨架及附着瓣膜(二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣)的三维模型,深化了心脏可视模型的细致程度,为心脏医学影像分析及心腔内血流动力学的研究奠定了基础。2.建立了的瓣膜平面及相互之间的数学上的几何变换关系矩阵,并用于临床CTA图像瓣膜平面的快速构建中,构建了心脏瓣膜的可视化平面,有助于解决动态可视化量化分析中平面选择的一致性问题。3.构建了冠状动脉血管壁的可视化量化分析方法——Voxel-map,该方法克服了CTA图像通过人眼难以确定血管壁边界的困难,将对斑块的识别和分析聚焦在冠状动脉血管壁上,从而有效排除相邻区域内相近CT值对斑块分析的影响,有助于提高斑块量化分析准确性。4.建立了冠状动脉树形结构的心血管影像可视化分析软件系统,用于冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的可视化量化分析。该软件能够自动提取细微病灶特征及量化参数,有助于提升CTA影像在检测斑块易损性特征和冠脉狭窄性方面的潜力。
[Abstract]:The heart is the power pump of the human circulatory system. It has the function of pumping the blood out of the heart and drawing blood back to the heart. It plays an important role in the supply of blood oxygen nutrients and the maintenance of normal function and metabolism of the cells. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in urban and rural areas in China, and the prevalence rate is still on the rise. The early diagnosis, progress detection and early treatment of heart disease are of great significance in saving patients' lives and improving their quality of life. The visualization of cardiac medical images is a bridge connecting medical images with morphology and its motion rules. It can help people to discover medical laws explain medical phenomena and solve medical problems. At the same time, visualization technology is also an effective way of knowledge transmission, which can give the existing knowledge to the heart visualization model, in medical teaching, clinical diagnosis, clinical image big data analysis, surgery planning and navigation, virtual simulation experiment. Drug research and development can have a wide range of application prospects. Based on the research direction of cardiac visualization, this paper discusses the aspects of deepening the degree of detail of the visualization model of the heart, establishing the visualization form which accords with the anatomical characteristics, and the focusing function of visualization on the fine lesions, and so on. A series of visualization models are established, and the visualization methods for clinical applications are presented. A visual analysis software system for cardiovascular image analysis is developed, which can be used to aid the visualization and quantitative analysis of clinical medical images. The research results of this paper include: 1. A high precision 3D visual anatomical model of real human heart was established, including 24 anatomical structures, and the in situ fibrous skeleton and attached valves (mitral, tricuspid, aortic valve) of human heart were established for the first time. The three-dimensional model of pulmonary valve deepens the meticulous degree of cardiac visual model and lays a foundation for the analysis of cardiac medical image and the study of intracardiac hemodynamics. The geometric transformation matrix of the valvular plane and each other is established and used in the rapid construction of the valvular plane in the clinical CTA image, and the visual plane of the heart valve is constructed. It is helpful to solve the consistency problem of plane selection in dynamic visualization quantitative analysis. A visualized quantitative analysis method of coronary artery wall, Voxel-mapa, was constructed. This method overcame the difficulty of CTA images in determining the boundary of vascular wall through human eyes, and focused the recognition and analysis of plaque on the coronary artery wall. Therefore, the influence of CT value in adjacent regions on plaque analysis was effectively excluded, and the accuracy of plaque quantification analysis was improved. 4. A visualized analysis software system of coronary artery dendrogram was established to analyze coronary atherosclerotic plaque. The software can automatically extract fine lesion features and quantitative parameters, which is helpful to enhance the potential of CTA images in detecting plaque vulnerability and coronary artery stenosis.
【学位授予单位】：第三军医大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R54

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