自我效能增强干预对高血压患者生活质量的影响

发布时间：2018-11-19 11:48

【摘要】：[目的]探索自我效能增强干预措施对高血压患者生活质量的影响。[方法]采用整群抽样的方法,选择上海市黄浦区4个街道中符合条件的高血压患者纳入研究。其中,2个街道作为A组,仅采取常规健康自我管理,包括定期测量血压、健康咨询、小组座谈会、健康报刊学习等;另2个街道作为B组常规健康自我管理基础上开展为期1年的自我效能增强干预,包括同伴教育、演讲比赛、健康计划书。通过基线调查和终点调查了解研究对象人口学特征、生活质量、自我效能水平、血压的变化。最终回收1 045份有效问卷,A组498份,B组547份。[结果]终期调查时,A组血压控制率为91.6%、B组血压控制率为95.6%,差异有统计学意义。两组研究对象自我效能水平均出现了一定程度的下降,但A组的下降幅度高于B组(A组为45.0%,B组为78.8%)。干预前后A组除生理职能得分提高(P0.05)外,其他维度的得分均没有变化或降低;而B组在生理机能、生理职能及情感职能等得分均有提高(P0.05)。A组研究对象认为自己一年来健康状况较差的比例有提高(P0.05),而B组对象认为健康状况较差的比例有降低(P0.05)。[结论]以社区为基础的自我效能增强干预措施能够有效减缓高血压患者生活质量的降低。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the effect of self-efficacy enhancement intervention on the quality of life of patients with hypertension. [methods] A cluster sampling method was used to select eligible hypertension patients in four streets of Huangpu District, Shanghai. Among them, 2 streets as group A, only take routine health self-management, including regular measurement of blood pressure, health counseling, group discussions, health newspapers and learning; The other two streets were used as the basis of routine health self-management in group B for a year of self-efficacy enhancement interventions, including peer education, speech contest, and health plan. The demographic characteristics, quality of life, self-efficacy and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated by baseline survey and end-point survey. 1045 valid questionnaires were collected, 498 in group A and 547 in group B. [results] at the end of the investigation, the blood pressure control rate of group A was 91.6 and that of group B was 95.6.The difference was statistically significant. The level of self-efficacy in both groups decreased to a certain extent, but the decrease in group A was higher than that in group B (45.0% in group A and 78.8% in group B). The scores of other dimensions in group A were not changed or decreased except that the score of physiological function was increased (P0.05) before and after intervention. The scores of physiological function, physiological function and emotional function were improved in group B (P0.05). (P0.05) the proportion of subjects in). A group who thought that their health status had been poor in the past year was increased (P0.05), while in group B, the scores of physiological function, physiological function and emotional function were increased. In group B, the proportion of poor health was decreased (P0.05). Conclusion Community-based self-efficacy enhancement intervention can effectively slow down the decline of quality of life in patients with hypertension.
【作者单位】：上海市第二人民医院院长办公室;上海市黄浦区疾病预防控制中心健康教育科;
【分类号】：R544.1

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