红外线诱导的大鼠晶状体损伤的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 18:55

本文选题：红外线　切入点：白内障　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：临床意义随着红外线近几年来在工业、军事、卫生、科研等各行业的日益广泛应用,红外线污染问题也随之产生并得到越来越多的关注。红外线是一种不可见光线,是电磁辐射的一个组成部分,所有高于绝对零度(-273.15℃)的物质都可以产生红外线。红外辐射是指光辐射的波长在760nm到lmm范围。红外线根据它的波长可被分为三部分,即近红外线NIA(Near Infrared, NIR),中红外线MIR (Middle Infrared, MIR),远红外线FIR (Far Infrared, FIR).近红外光也称短波红外线,是介于可见光和中红外光之间的电磁波,按美国试验和材料检测协会(American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM)定义,近红外光是指波长在780～2526nm范围内的电磁波。红外线的成分与辐射源的温度有关,辐射源温度越高,其辐射产生的波长越短,近红外线的成分也就越多。在工厂等高温作业中,遇到的红外线主要为长波红外线。对于人体而言,较强的红外线可造成皮肤伤害,且对眼睛也有伤害,临床及实验研究发现,人眼的前节主要吸收的红外线为近红外线和中红外线。人眼如果长期暴露于红外线可能会引起白内障。本课题主要通过阈值剂量的红外线诱导的大鼠白内障模型,研究红外线照射后晶状体混浊的发展及红外线照射后大鼠眼内温度的变化,探讨红外线诱导的白内障形成和发展的机制。实验一：红外线诱导的大鼠白内障光化学机制的实验研究目的：探讨红外线(1090nm)诱导白内障的机制。方法：16只6周龄的albino Sprague-Dawley雌性大鼠,分为4组,每组4只,大鼠在红外光照射之前20分钟,用氯胺酮(95mg/kg)和二甲苯胺噻嗪(14mg/kg)腹腔内注射麻醉,并于照射前10分钟用托毗卡胺(5mg/m1)滴眼液散大双眼瞳孔。大鼠单眼暴露于输出功率为10W的一连续光纤激光发射器发出的波长为1090 nm的红外光(调整束流剖面直径在角膜中央前表面为2mm)下,照射剂量为0.7kJ/cm2(输出功率为6.2W),照射时间为8秒,对侧未照射眼作为对照眼。分别于照射后6,18,55,168小时将大鼠处死,摘出眼球,取出晶状体,测量晶状体前部散射光强度。结果：行0.7kJ/cm2红外线照射的大鼠晶状体,照射后6和18小时的晶状体未见明显混浊；55和168小时后的晶状体可见明显的晶状体前囊膜下混浊。未经红外线照射的大鼠对照眼晶状体未见明显晶状体混浊。红外线照射眼晶状体与对侧未照射眼相比,晶状体前部散射光强度明显增加。红外线照射眼与未照射的对侧眼晶状体前部散射光强度之差,随大鼠照射后存活的时间的增加而逐渐增加。照射后6小时处死的大鼠晶状体前部散射光强度差值的95%可信区间为0.02±0.01；18小时为0.04±0.02；55小时为0.25±0.04；168小时为0.29±0.05。晶状体前部散射光强度差值55小时与18小时比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论：阈值量红外线照射后18小时白内障发生,表明红外线照射后晶状体产生光化学效应。实验二：红外线照射后大鼠眼内温度变化的实验研究目的：研究在阈值剂量红外光照射8秒后大鼠晶状体前部散射光强度及眼内温度的变化。方法：20只6周龄的albino Sprague-Dawley雌性大鼠随机分为2个实验组,每组10只。氯胺酮和二甲苯胺噻嗪腹腔内注射麻醉和托吡卡胺滴眼液散瞳后,2组大鼠均单眼暴露于输出功率为0.7KJ/cm2(6.2 W)的一连续光纤激光发射器发出的波长1090 nm的红外光(调整束流剖面直径在角膜中央前表面为2mm)下,照射时间为8秒,对侧的未照射眼作为对照眼。第一组,照射眼放置三个热电偶,位置分别在外部角膜缘处,前部玻璃体临近晶状体处及巩膜外层临近视神经处,未照射眼放置两个热电偶,位置为外部角膜缘处和巩膜外临近视神经处。第二组,照射眼和非照射眼均放置两个热电偶,一个放置在外部角膜缘,另一个放置在巩膜外层临近视神经处。分别记录测量所得的温度。大鼠于温度测定完毕后处死,摘除双侧眼球,分离晶状体,测量晶状体前部散射光强度。结果：在第一组的温度测定中,大鼠照射眼的角膜缘处温度平均升高11度,玻璃体内温度平均升高16度,视神经处温度平均升高15度。在第二组两个热电偶的测量中,大鼠的照射眼角膜缘温度升高9度,巩膜外视神经处温度升高26度。两组大鼠的未照射眼的温度变化无统计学意义。大鼠红外线照射眼与未照射眼的晶状体前部散射光强度的差值为0.01±0.06,差异无显著性。结论：在阈值剂量红外线(1090 nm)照射8秒后,玻璃体内近晶状体处和巩膜外近视神经处的温度升高,表明红外线照射后眼内产生热效应。阈值量红外线照射后早期无白内障发生。
[Abstract]:Clinical significance
With the increasingly widespread application of infrared in recent years in industry, military, health, scientific research and other industries, the problem of infrared pollution has also been generated and attracted more and more attention.
The infrared is not visible light, is an integral part of the electromagnetic radiation, all above absolute zero (-273.15 C) material can produce infrared light. Infrared radiation refers to the wavelength of the radiation in the range of 760nm to LMM. The infrared according to its wavelength can be divided into three parts, namely NIA (near infrared Near Infrared, NIR, MIR (Middle) in the infrared Infrared, MIR, FIR (Far) far infrared Infrared, also known as FIR). Near infrared shortwave infrared, electromagnetic wave between visible light and infrared light, according to the American Association for testing and materials testing (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM) definition, near infrared light is the wavelength in the range of 780 ~ 2526nm electromagnetic wave. The composition and temperature of the infrared radiation source, the higher the temperature of radiation source, the radiation produced by shorter wavelength near infrared component is more high in the factory. In the temperature operation, the infrared ray is mainly long wave infrared.
For the human body, strong infrared rays can cause skin damage and damage to the eyes. Clinical and experimental studies have found that the main absorption infrared rays of the human eye are near infrared and mid infrared. If the human eye is exposed to infrared for a long time, it may cause cataracts.
The aim of this study is to investigate the development of lens opacity after infrared radiation and the change of intraocular temperature in rats after infrared radiation, and to explore the mechanism of the formation and development of infrared induced cataract.
Experiment 1:
Experimental study on photochemical mechanism of infrared induced cataract in rats
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of cataract induced by infrared (1090nm).
Methods: 16 6 week old albino female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, 4 rats in each group. The rats in the infrared radiation before 20 minutes, ketamine (95mg/kg) and xylazine (14mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection of anesthesia, and in 10 minutes before irradiation with a PI amine (5mg/ M1 card) eye drops scattered eyes pupil. Rats exposed to monocular 10W output power is a continuous fiber laser transmitter emits a wavelength of 1090 nm infrared (adjust beam profile diameter in central corneal anterior surface 2mm), irradiation dose of 0.7kJ/cm2 (output power is 6.2W, irradiation time is 8 seconds) on the side, the unirradiated eye as the control eye. Which were exposed to 6,18,55168 hours after the rats were killed and the eyeballs, remove the lens, the lens in front of scattering light intensity measurements.
Results: the rat lens for 0.7kJ/cm2 infrared irradiation, irradiation after 6 and 18 hours without obvious lens opacity; 55 and 168 hours after the lens showed obvious lens anterior capsule opacification. Without the infrared radiation control rat eye lens lens lens turbidity. No obvious infrared irradiation compared with the contralateral eye the unirradiated eye lens in front of the light scattering intensity increased significantly. Infrared irradiation eye and the contralateral eye lens without radiation front scattering light intensity difference, with rats after irradiation increased survival time gradually increased. 95% confidence intervals were sacrificed 6 h after irradiation of rat lens in front of the light scattering intensity difference is 0.02 0.01 + 0.04 + 0.02; 18 hours; 55 hours was 0.25 + 0.04; 168 hours for the 0.29 + 0.05. lens front scattering light intensity difference of 55 hours and 18 hours were statistically significant (P0.05 ).
Conclusion: 18 hours after cataract threshold amount of infrared radiation, infrared radiation showed that after lens to produce photochemical effect.
Experiment two:
Experimental study on the changes of intraocular temperature in rats after infrared irradiation
Objective: To study the changes of the light intensity and intraocular temperature in the anterior lens of rats after 8 seconds of threshold dose of infrared light.
Methods: 20 albino female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 weeks of age into 2 groups, 10 rats in each group. Intraperitoneal ketamine and xylazine injection anesthesia and Tropicamide Eye Drops after mydriasis, 2 groups of rats were exposed to single output power of 0.7KJ/cm2 (6.2 W) of a continuous fiber from the laser transmitter a wavelength of 1090 nm infrared (adjust beam profile diameter in central corneal anterior surface 2mm), irradiation time of 8 seconds, without irradiation on the side of the eye as the control eye. The first group, the exposed eye placed three thermocouples, respectively in the external position of limbal, anterior lens and vitreous body near the outer sclera next to the optic nerve, non irradiated eyes placed two thermocouple position for external limbus and sclera next to the optic nerve. The second group, irradiated and non irradiated eye eyes were placed two thermocouples, one placed in the external limbus, The other one was placed near the sclera. Then the temperature was recorded. The temperature was recorded. After the temperature was measured, the rats were sacrificed, the bilateral eyeballs were removed, the lenses were separated, and the intensity of the scattered light at the front of the lens was measured.
Results: in the first group to determine the temperature, the average temperature increase of 11 degrees at the limbus in the exposed eye, an average increase of 16 degrees the temperature in the glass, as the temperature increase of 15 degrees. The average nerve were measured in second groups of two thermocouples, irradiation temperature limbal rats increased 9 degrees, transcleral as the temperature increase of 26 degrees. The temperature changes of neural non irradiated eyes of the two groups of rats had no significant difference. The light scattering intensity of rat lens in front of infrared irradiation with theunirradiated eye eye is 0.01 + 0.06, there was no significant difference.
Conclusion: after a threshold dose of infrared (1090 nm) irradiation for 8 seconds, the temperature in the vitreous near the lens and the myopic nerve outside the sclera is increased, which indicates that the thermal effect is generated after the infrared radiation. There is no cataract in the early stage after infrared radiation.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R779.1

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