斜视性和屈光参差性弱视患者视觉缺损模式的研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 19:30

本文选题：弱视 + 光栅视敏度　；参考：《浙江大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：背景与目的弱视是视觉发育敏感期异常视觉经验所致的以空间视力(中心视力、空间定位能力、对比敏感度)损害为特征的一组视力不良综合征。由于基础理论薄弱、研究手段局限,我国对弱视的研究主要集中在临床疗效观察与分析、流行病学调查、科普性文献等方面,近20年来,随着科技发展,研究方法的突破,使弱视心理物理学研究逐渐成为认知神经科学的一个前沿和热点问题。不同类型弱视除具有不同的神经机制外,在视功能方面也存在差异,本文主要比较斜视性和屈光参差性弱视患者的各视功能特征,以分析不同类型弱视存在的视功能缺损模式,从心理物理学角度来探讨两种类型弱视机制的异同。方法本文应用心理物理学原理,设计了光栅视敏度、边缘对比敏感度、双眼融合、对比敏感度函数等视功能检测方法,对125例8-40岁的弱视患者,进行视功能检测,然后运用Origin8.0软件对实验数据进行统计学分析,采用了Pearson、Spearman、t检验、线性回归等分析方法,分析光栅视敏度,边缘对比敏感度,双眼融合功能与视觉敏锐度的相关性,并对斜视性弱视和屈光参差性弱视患者CSF曲线进行比较。结果 1总体样本的光栅视敏度与视觉敏锐度相关系数为0.81,呈高度相关性,弱视眼相对于正常眼其光栅视力缺损程度轻于optotype视力,两者最佳拟合直线斜率为0.55,斜视性弱视样本的散点图分布约低于总体趋势的10%; 2总体样本的边缘对比敏感度与视觉敏锐度的相关系数为0.33,呈低度相关性。当optotype视力明显受损时,边缘对比敏感度仅轻度受到损害(斜率=0.26)。屈光参差性样本的对比敏感度阈值的分布约高于(或差于)总体趋势的12%,斜视及混合性弱视样本的对比敏感度阈值分布约低于(或好于)总体趋势的20%; 3两种类型弱视CSF曲线均较相对健眼的CSF低平,峰值向低空间频率区移位,在中高空间频率区有明显受损,无显著性差异,但在低频区,两者有统计学意义； 4在相同光栅视力损害情况下,有双眼视功能组与无双眼视功能组的optotype视力两两比较,有显著性差异(P0.01),即有双眼视功能的optotype视力要优于无双眼视功能的optotype视力。结论两种不同类型的弱视存在不同的视觉缺损模式。
[Abstract]:Background and purposeAmblyopia is a group of dysacuity syndrome characterized by the impairment of visual acuity (central vision, spatial location ability, contrast sensitivity) due to the abnormal visual experience in the sensitive period of visual development.Because of the weak basic theory and limited research methods, the research on amblyopia in our country is mainly focused on clinical curative effect observation and analysis, epidemiological investigation, popular science literature, etc. In the past 20 years, with the development of science and technology, the research methods have made a breakthrough.The study of amblyopia psychophysics has gradually become a frontier and hot issue in cognitive neuroscience.Different types of amblyopia not only have different neural mechanisms, but also have different visual functions. In this paper, we compared the visual function characteristics of strabismus and anisometropic amblyopia, in order to analyze the pattern of visual function defect in different types of amblyopia.This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two types of amblyopia from the point of view of psychophysics.MethodBased on the principle of psychophysics, the visual function of 125 cases of amblyopia aged 8-40 years was measured by using the methods of grating visual acuity, edge contrast sensitivity, binocular fusion and contrast sensitivity function.Then Origin8.0 software was used to analyze the experimental data. Pearsonian Spearmanton test and linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between grating visual acuity, edge contrast sensitivity, binocular fusion function and visual acuity.The CSF curves of strabismus amblyopia and anisometropia amblyopia were compared.Result(1) the correlation coefficient between grating visual acuity and visual acuity of the total sample was 0.81, which was highly correlated. The degree of grating visual acuity defect in amblyopic eyes was lighter than that of optotype visual acuity in amblyopia compared with normal eyes.The optimum fitting slope was 0.55, and the scattered plot distribution of strabismus amblyopia sample was about 10% lower than that of the general trend.2 the correlation coefficient between edge-contrast sensitivity and visual acuity was 0.33, which was low correlation.When the visual acuity of optotype was obviously impaired, the edge contrast sensitivity was only slightly impaired (slope = 0.26).The distribution of contrast sensitivity threshold of anisometropia samples was about 12 higher than (or worse) than that of the general trend, and that of strabismus and mixed amblyopia samples was about 20% lower than (or better) than that of the general trend.(3) the CSF curves of the two types of amblyopia were lower than those of the relatively healthy eyes, and the peak value shifted to the low spatial frequency region, which was obviously damaged in the middle and high spatial frequency region, but there was no significant difference in the low frequency region between the two types of amblyopia, but they had statistical significance in the low frequency region.4 under the same condition of grating visual impairment, the optotype visual acuity of binocular visual function group was significantly higher than that of non-binocular visual function group (P0.01), that is, the optotype visual acuity with binocular visual function was better than optotype visual acuity without binocular visual function.ConclusionTwo different types of amblyopia have different visual defect patterns.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R777.44

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