无锡市50岁及以上人群高度近视眼的流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-05-06 00:19

本文选题：患病率 + 高度近视　；参考：《南京医科大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的高度近视及高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变是老年人视力损害甚至致盲的重要原因之一,目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法,而我国尤其是苏南地区老年人群高度近视及高度近视眼视网膜病变的流行病学相关数据报道较少。本研究通过流行病学调查的方法,旨在了解无锡市50岁及以上人群高度近视眼及高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变的患病率及其可能存在的危险因素,观察人群中高度近视眼引起的视力损伤情况,为防盲治盲提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,于2010年1月至12月对无锡市滨湖区的28个抽样调查点共6150例50岁及以上人群进行现场调查,现场调查内容为问卷调查及全面的眼科检查,包括视力、屈光度、裂隙灯显微镜、直接检眼镜检查等。屈光不正用等效球镜度数(SE)表示。SE-6.00 D,若同时伴有后巩膜葡萄肿、漆纹样裂纹、Fuchs斑、近视弧形斑等近视性视网膜脉络膜萎缩病灶则诊断为高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变。按照WHO视力损伤分级:最佳矫正视力≥0.05但0.3为低视力,最佳矫正视力0.05为盲。结果受检者中,高度近视眼227例,患病率为3.69%(227/6150)。其中,162例表现高度近视性视网膜脉络膜病变,占71.37%(162/227)。性别、有无高度近视家族史、是否吸烟、是否饮酒患病率差异有统计学意义(X2=6.40,136.99,4.99,13.74;PO.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高度近视眼家族史(r=2.010,PO.05)及饮酒(r=-0.798,PO.05)是影响高度近视眼的因素,前者为危险因素,后者可能为保护因素。6150例受检者中,双眼盲47例,单眼盲201例,双眼低视力84例,单眼低视力214例。162例高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变患者中,77例存在明显的视力损伤,占47.53%,其中双眼盲、单眼盲、双眼低视力、单眼低视力的患者分别为3例、20例、16例和38例,分别占总受检人群中视力损伤者的6.38%,9.95%,19.05%,17.76%。结论无锡市50岁及以上的老年人群高度近视眼的患病率较高。高度近视眼家族史是影响高度近视眼重要危险因素,而饮酒可能为其保护因素。高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变引起的视力损伤不容忽视。
[Abstract]:Objective High myopia and high myopia retinal choroidal lesions are one of the important causes of visual impairment and even blindness in the elderly. However, there are few epidemiological data about high myopia and high myopia retinopathy in the elderly people, especially in southern Jiangsu. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of high myopia and high myopia retinopathy in the population aged 50 years and over in Wuxi by means of epidemiological investigation. The visual impairment caused by high myopia was observed in order to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of blindness. Methods from January to December 2010, a total of 6150 people aged 50 and over were investigated in 28 sampling sites in Binhu District, Wuxi City by cluster random sampling. The field investigation was conducted by questionnaire and comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Include vision, diopter, slit lamp microscope, direct ophthalmoscope, etc. If accompanied by posterior scleral grape swelling, lacquer cracks and Fuchs spot, myopic chorioatrophic lesions such as arc-shaped macula, myopic chorioatrophic lesions were diagnosed as chorioretinopathy in high myopia. According to the WHO grade of visual impairment, the best corrected visual acuity was 0. 05 but 0. 3 was low visual acuity, and the best corrected visual acuity was blind. Results 227 cases of high myopia were examined, the prevalence rate was 3.6927% 6150%. Among them, 162 cases (71.37%) showed high myopic retinochoroidal lesions (16.2%). Sex, family history of high myopia, smoking and drinking were statistically significant. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the family history of high myopia (rn 2.010 PO. 05) and drinking alcohol (rh) -0.798% PO.05) were the risk factors for high myopia, the former was a risk factor, and the latter was probably protective factor: binocular blindness (47 cases) and monocular blindness (201 cases). In 84 cases of binocular low visual acuity, 214 cases of monocular low vision. 162 cases of high myopia retinochoroidal lesions, 77 cases (47.53%) had obvious visual impairment, including binocular blindness, monocular blindness, binocular low visual acuity. The number of patients with low visual acuity was 3 cases (20 cases) and 38 cases, which accounted for 6.38% (9.9519.05) and 17.76 (P < 0.05) respectively. Conclusion the prevalence of high myopia in the elderly aged 50 years and over in Wuxi is higher. Family history of high myopia is an important risk factor for high myopia, and drinking may be its protective factor. The visual impairment caused by high myopia retinal choroidal lesion can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：南京医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R778.11

【相似文献】