重庆市永川区学龄儿童屈光不正及视力损伤的流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-07-04 08:05

  本文选题：学龄儿童 + 屈光不正　； 参考：《重庆医科大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的 了解重庆市永川区儿童屈光不正、视力损伤及眼部疾病的状况,为儿童眼病及视力损害的防治工作提供依据。 方法 选择中国西部社会和经济状况具有代表性的重庆市永川区,以人口为基准,按照地理意义上界定的群,对该地区居住的6～15岁儿童进行随机整群抽样形成样本。我们进行了挨家挨户的调查和眼部检查,包括视力测定、立体视觉、眼位及眼球运动、裂隙灯检查眼前节、1%环戊通行睫状肌麻痹下的视网膜检影及眼底检查。 结果 总共选择了2552户中居住的3469名儿童,最终共3079名儿童完成整个眼部检查。6～8岁段儿童屈光状态的分布为正偏态,而9～12岁和13～15岁为负偏态。远视(≥+2.00 D SE)、近视(≤-0.50 D SE)及散光(≥1.00 DC)的患病率分别为3.25%、13.71%和3.73%。随儿童年龄的增长,远视的患病率明显降低(P0.001)和近视患病率明显增加(P0.001)。重点学校的儿童近视(P0.001)和散光(≥1.00DC,P=0.04)的患病率较非重点学校高。 屈光不正的患病率为20.69%(637/3079),结膜炎为11.76%(362/3079),弱视为1.88%(58/3079),色觉异常为0.52%(16/3079),角膜炎为0.36%(11/3079),斜视为0.29%(9/3079),白内障为0.23%(7/3079),近视眼病为0.19%(6/3079),眼外伤为0.13%(4/3079),角膜白斑、角膜葡萄肿、视神经病变、黄斑病变、有髓鞘神经纤维均为0.03%(1/3079)。视力损伤的患病率为7.70%(237/3079),视力损伤的主要原因为未矫正的屈光不正,占86.08%(204/237),弱视占9.70%(23/237),近视眼病占1.27%(3/237),先天性白内障占0.42%(1/237),其他原因占2.11%(5/237)。 结论 1、随年龄增长,屈光状态分布逐渐由正偏态向负偏态转变,9岁是发生变化的关键年龄段。环境因素和学习强度可以影响近视的发生和发展。 2、屈光不正在儿童眼病中发病率最高,未矫正的屈光不正是目前导致欠发达地区学龄儿童视力损伤的最主要原因。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the status of refractive errors, visual impairment and ocular diseases in children in Yongchuan District, Chongqing, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of children's eye diseases and visual impairment. Methods the representative social and economic situation of Yongchuan district in western China was selected. The population was taken as the basis and the group was defined according to the geographical meaning. Random cluster sampling was used to form a sample of 6 ~ 15-year-old children living in the area. We carried out door-to-door surveys and eye examinations, including visual acuity, stereoscopic vision, eye position and eye movement, and slit lamp examination of retinal shadow and fundus examination under 1% cyclopentyl palsy of the anterior segment. Results A total of 3469 children living in 2552 households were selected, and 3079 children completed the whole ophthalmic examination. The distribution of refractive state was positive and negative at the age of 9 ~ 12 and 13 ~ 15 years. The prevalence of hyperopia (鈮，

本文编号：2095394