天津市“十一五”期间视力残疾调研报告及助视器康复效果评估
发布时间：2018-10-22 09:41
【摘要】：目的 调查“十一五”期间天津市进行视力残疾鉴定患者的基本情况、等级分布及主要致残原因,并对有残余视力的部分视残患者进行助视器康复效果评估。 方法 本课题分为两部分。第一部分：收集2006年1月至2010年12月天津市进行视残鉴定并明确诊断的视残患者15834例。记录患者个人情况及眼部情况,根据第二次全国残疾人抽样调查视残分级标准,对患者进行分级并明确致残原因。不同致残原因、不同年龄、性别、地区、文化程度及家庭经济收入组间,盲和低视力频数分布的差异进行x：检验。采用二分类Logistic回归分析来筛选视力残疾的相关因素。 第二部分：对有残余视力的部分视残患者283名,9-79岁,按视力残疾的程度分为盲和低视力两组。分别比较应用单筒手持式望远镜及眼镜式远用望远镜前后远视力及其脱残率和应用带光源手持放大镜、近用眼镜式助视器及电子助视器后阅读成功率的差异。应用助视器前后远视力康复效果采用配对t检验,两种远用助视器脱残率及三种近用助视器阅读成功率的差异采用χ2检验。 结果 1、15834例视残患者中,男性、市区、较高年龄、较低文化程度及低家庭经济收入者所占比例较大(P0.001)。 2、15834名视残患者中盲6598例(41.67%),其中一级5015例(31.67%),二级1583例(10.00%)；低视力9236例(58.33%),其中三级1713例(10.82%),四级7523例(47.51%)。 3、白内障5196例(32.82%)依然为首要致残病因,其中盲32.98%,低视力32.70%。除白内障外,盲与低视力主要致病原因的构成不同(x2=38.33,P0.001)。致盲病因主要为视网膜、葡萄膜病变(15.40%)、角膜病(13.78%),而低视力病因主要为屈光不正／弱视(18.32%)、视网膜、葡萄膜病变(17.37%)。 4、盲目组和低视力组应用手持式望远镜及眼镜式远用望远镜后远视力均有所提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.05)。 5、盲目组和低视力组应用单筒手持式望远镜及眼镜式远用望远镜后脱残率均无差异(P=0.823,P=0.899)。两组应用电子助视器阅读成功率均高于带光源手持放大镜及近用眼镜式助视器(x2=6.918,P=0.031)、(x2=17.145,P0.01)。 结论 1、天津市“十一五”期间视力残疾的发病与多种因素相关,高龄、市区及低文化程度为致盲危险因素。 2、白内障仍是首要致残原因。我们在低视力防治方面面临巨大挑战和任务,低视力康复工作的广泛开展刻不容缓。 3、助视器能帮助视力残疾患者有效利用其残余视力,视觉康复效果显著,应在视残患者中加强宣传及推广普及。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the basic situation, grade distribution and main causes of visual disability identification in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, and to evaluate the rehabilitation effect of visual aids for some patients with visual disability with residual visual acuity. Methods this subject is divided into two parts. Part one: 15834 patients with visual disability were collected from January 2006 to December 2010 in Tianjin. According to the second National sample Survey of the disabled, the patients were classified and the causes of disability were determined. The differences of frequency distribution of blindness and low vision among different disability causes, age, sex, region, education level and family income were tested by x: test. Two-classification Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related factors of visual disability. Part two: 283 patients aged 9-79 with partial visual impairment with residual vision were divided into blind and low vision groups according to the degree of visual disability. The visual acuity and dedisability rate before and after the use of single-tube hand-held telescopes and spectacle telescopes were compared, and the reading success rates of hand-held magnifying glasses with light source, near-use spectacle aids and electronic visual aids were compared respectively. The rehabilitation effect of far vision before and after using visual aids was matched t test, and the difference between two kinds of remote visual aids and the reading success rate of three kinds of low vision aids was analyzed by 蠂 2 test. Results (1) among 15834 patients with visual disability, male, urban area, higher age, lower education level and low family income accounted for a larger proportion (P0.001). 6598 (41.67%) of 15834 patients with visual disability were blind, among which 5015 (31.67%) were first-grade and 1583 (10.00%) second-grade; 9236 cases (58.33%) had low visual acuity, of which 1713 cases (10.82%) were third grade, 7523 cases (47.51%) were grade four, and 5196 cases (32.82%) were cataract. The primary cause of disability was blindness (32.98%) and low vision (32.70%). With the exception of cataract, the main causes of blindness and low vision were different (x 2o 38.3 P 0.001). The main causes of blindness were retina, uveal lesion (15.40%), keratopathy (13.78%), and low vision (18.32%). Uveal lesions (17.37%). 4. The far visual acuity of the blind group and the low vision group were improved after the use of hand-held telescope and spectacle telescope. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). 5. There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823). There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823, P < 0. 899). The reading success rate of the two groups was higher than that of the hand-held magnifying glass with light source and the near-use spectacle type low vision aid (x2o6.918), (x 17.145), (P0.01). Conclusion 1. The incidence of visual disability in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period is related to many factors. Advanced age, urban area and low education level are the risk factors of blindness. 2. Cataract is still the leading cause of disability. We face great challenges and tasks in the prevention and treatment of low vision. The extensive development of rehabilitation of low vision is urgent. 3. Visual aids can help the patients with visual impairment make effective use of their residual visual acuity, and the effect of visual rehabilitation is remarkable. Publicity and popularization should be strengthened among patients with visual disability.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R774.1
本文编号：2286802
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the basic situation, grade distribution and main causes of visual disability identification in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, and to evaluate the rehabilitation effect of visual aids for some patients with visual disability with residual visual acuity. Methods this subject is divided into two parts. Part one: 15834 patients with visual disability were collected from January 2006 to December 2010 in Tianjin. According to the second National sample Survey of the disabled, the patients were classified and the causes of disability were determined. The differences of frequency distribution of blindness and low vision among different disability causes, age, sex, region, education level and family income were tested by x: test. Two-classification Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related factors of visual disability. Part two: 283 patients aged 9-79 with partial visual impairment with residual vision were divided into blind and low vision groups according to the degree of visual disability. The visual acuity and dedisability rate before and after the use of single-tube hand-held telescopes and spectacle telescopes were compared, and the reading success rates of hand-held magnifying glasses with light source, near-use spectacle aids and electronic visual aids were compared respectively. The rehabilitation effect of far vision before and after using visual aids was matched t test, and the difference between two kinds of remote visual aids and the reading success rate of three kinds of low vision aids was analyzed by 蠂 2 test. Results (1) among 15834 patients with visual disability, male, urban area, higher age, lower education level and low family income accounted for a larger proportion (P0.001). 6598 (41.67%) of 15834 patients with visual disability were blind, among which 5015 (31.67%) were first-grade and 1583 (10.00%) second-grade; 9236 cases (58.33%) had low visual acuity, of which 1713 cases (10.82%) were third grade, 7523 cases (47.51%) were grade four, and 5196 cases (32.82%) were cataract. The primary cause of disability was blindness (32.98%) and low vision (32.70%). With the exception of cataract, the main causes of blindness and low vision were different (x 2o 38.3 P 0.001). The main causes of blindness were retina, uveal lesion (15.40%), keratopathy (13.78%), and low vision (18.32%). Uveal lesions (17.37%). 4. The far visual acuity of the blind group and the low vision group were improved after the use of hand-held telescope and spectacle telescope. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). 5. There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823). There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823, P < 0. 899). The reading success rate of the two groups was higher than that of the hand-held magnifying glass with light source and the near-use spectacle type low vision aid (x2o6.918), (x 17.145), (P0.01). Conclusion 1. The incidence of visual disability in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period is related to many factors. Advanced age, urban area and low education level are the risk factors of blindness. 2. Cataract is still the leading cause of disability. We face great challenges and tasks in the prevention and treatment of low vision. The extensive development of rehabilitation of low vision is urgent. 3. Visual aids can help the patients with visual impairment make effective use of their residual visual acuity, and the effect of visual rehabilitation is remarkable. Publicity and popularization should be strengthened among patients with visual disability.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R774.1
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