孕期酒精暴露对子鼠视网膜发育影响的研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 06:47

【摘要】：人们通过眼睛可以轻松地进行情感交流,而且人脑所接受的外界信息大多数是通过视觉系统传入并且加工处理完成的,这一系列的过程首先发生在视网膜上,视网膜作为神经系统中结构精细、功能复杂的解剖结构,一直是生命科学领域的研究热点。视网膜从外到内分10层:视网膜色素上皮层、感光细胞层、外界膜、外核层、外网状层、内核层、内网状层、神经节细胞层、神经纤维层和内界膜,双极细胞和水平细胞的胞体分别位于内核层的中部和外侧缘,双极细胞主要将光感受器细胞传来的信号处理后经化学突触传递给神经节细胞,而水平细胞介于感光细胞和双极细胞之间,它主要是将接收的光感受器信息反馈传到光感受器和双极细胞,并在这三种细胞间形成复杂的突触联系网络层,即外网状层。在阐释视网膜发育方面,人们对于酒精的毒性作用与子代视网膜发育的关系,特别是对神经元的影响研究鲜有报道。酒精的毒性作用可以对饮用者自身造成多系统、多器官的损害,主要影响脑、肝、心血管系统和免疫系统;而在胚胎发育时期遭遇酒精暴露,则会对胚胎的发育造成较严重的损伤,甚至导致胎儿酒精综合征(Fetal alcohol syndrome,FAS)的发生。本研究通过建立妊娠期酒精暴露动物模型,模拟胎儿酒精综合征的发生,应用免疫细胞化学及DiI散射等技术,对孕期酒精暴露后不同年龄段的子鼠视网膜双极细胞和水平细胞发育进行系统的研究,结果如下: 1.孕期酒精暴露影响子鼠视网膜双极细胞的发育利用免疫细胞化学染色方法,在对照组和酒精模型组间对P7、P14和P30各年龄段子鼠的视网膜双极细胞发育的一般形态进行比较,结果显示酒精模型组与对照组相比双极细胞在其发育过程中出现一般形态学上的差异,如胞体数量减少、轴突减少,从而密度减小等,在高剂量酒精组中这些差异更加明显,这说明孕期酒精暴露影响子鼠视网膜双极细胞的发育,且有剂量依赖效应和长时程效应。 2.孕期酒精暴露影响子鼠视网膜水平细胞的发育利用DiI散射技术,在对照组和模型组对P7、P14和P30各年龄段子鼠视网膜水平细胞进行标记并观察水平细胞发育的一般形态进行比较,结果显示酒精暴露组较对照组水平细胞在发育中存在明显的差异,如树突数减少、树突长度变短、水平细胞的感受野减小等,尤其是在高剂量酒精组中这些变化更明显,这说明孕期酒精暴露影响子鼠视网膜水平细胞的发育,且有剂量依赖效应和长时程效应。总之,视网膜在视觉传导和视觉形成中起着非常重要的作用,通过本课题的研究,使我们更进一步认识到孕期酒精滥用对子代所造成的危害,特别是孕期酒精暴露将影响子代视网膜的发育,并且其对子代视网膜的影响具有剂量依赖性及长时程效应,这对解释由于孕期酒精暴露所引起的相关眼部疾病如弱视、斜视等的发病机理都具有重要意义,并且这对于促进优生优育、增强人民体质具有巨大的社会效益,对神经毒理学、眼病学及发育神经生物学也具有一定得理论价值。
[Abstract]:People can easily carry out emotional communication through the eyes, and the external information accepted by the human brain is mostly transmitted through the vision system and processed and processed, The anatomical structure with complex functions has been a hot topic in the field of life science. the retina is divided into 10 layers from the outer to the inside: a retinal pigment epithelial layer, a photosensitive cell layer, an external film, an outer core layer, an outer mesh layer, a core layer, an inner mesh layer, a ganglion cell layer, a nerve fiber layer and an inner boundary layer, the cell bodies of the bipolar cell and the horizontal cell are respectively positioned at the middle part and the outer edge of the inner core layer, the bipolar cell mainly transmits the signal processed from the photoreceptor cell to the ganglion cells through the chemical synapse, and the horizontal cells are between the photosensitive cell and the bipolar cell, It mainly feeds back the received light receptor information to photoreceptors and bipolar cells, and forms a complex synapse link network layer, i.e. an outer mesh layer, between the three cells. In explaining the development of retina, the relationship between the toxicity of alcohol and the development of offspring's retina, especially on neurons, is seldom reported. The toxicity of alcohol can cause multi-system and multi-organ damage to the drinking person, which mainly affects the brain, liver, the cardiovascular system and the immune system; and when the embryo development period is exposed to alcohol, serious damage to the development of the embryo can be caused, and even lead to the occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). By establishing animal model of alcohol exposure during pregnancy, simulating fetal alcohol syndrome, applying immune cell chemistry and DiI scattering technique, the study of the two-electrode cell and horizontal cell development of sub-mouse retina of different age groups after alcohol exposure in pregnancy was studied. The results are as follows: 1. The exposure of alcohol during pregnancy affects the double-pole of the retina of the rat. The development of the cells by immunocytochemical staining showed that P7, P14 and P30 were developed in the control group and the alcohol model group. The results showed that compared with the control group, the two polar cells showed a general morphological difference in their development, such as decreased number of cells, decreased axons, decreased density, etc. in the high-dose alcohol group. The differences are more obvious, which means that alcohol exposure during pregnancy affects the development of the bipolar cells in the retina and has a dose-dependent effect. should and long-term effect. 2. Exposure to alcohol exposure during pregnancy DiI scattering technique was used in the development of human retinal horizontal cells, and the levels of retinal horizontal cells were marked and observed in the control group and the model group in the control group and the model group. The results showed that there were significant differences in the development of the level cells in the exposed group of alcohol, such as the decrease of the number of dendritic cells, the shortening of the dendritic length, the decrease of the sensory field of the horizontal cells, etc. These changes were more pronounced in the high-dose alcohol group, suggesting that alcohol exposure during pregnancy affected the development of human retinal horizontal cells. In summary, the retina plays a very important role in visual conduction and visual formation. In conclusion, the study of this topic makes us further aware of the harm caused by alcohol abuse during pregnancy to the offspring. Don't be exposed to alcohol exposure during pregnancy will affect the development of the offspring's retina, and it has a dose-dependent and long-range effect on the offspring's retina, which explains the pathogenesis of related ocular disorders such as amblyopia, strabismus, etc. due to exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. It is of great significance, and it has great social and social benefits for promoting better birth, improving people's constitution, and has great social and social benefits for neurotoxicology and eye diseases.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R774.1

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