徐汇区小学和初中生近视眼患病现况及相关因素研究
发布时间：2018-12-13 18:02
【摘要】： 近视是指眼在调节松弛的状态下,平行光线经过眼的屈光系统后在视网膜前形成焦点。在各年龄组人群中,以儿童的近视眼患病率最高,而且有呈愈演愈烈的趋势。 近视的病因目前尚未完全明确,一般认为有遗传因素、发育因素和外界环境因素,或是三者的综合结果。其中视近工作作为近视的重要外因,其考量指标包括阅读时间或从事其他近距离工作(看电视、用计算机等)的行为方式和周围环境(如照明)。以外,饮食习惯等也被认为是近视的间接外因。 研究目的：通过对该年龄段人群的现况调查,获取该人群近视相关因素的资料以及屈光数据,掌握近视的流行现况,探索可能的影响因素。 研究对象：上海市徐汇区4所小学、4所初中以及1所九年一贯制学校的6531名学生。 研究方法：包含问卷调查和现场检测。问卷部分由学校的卫生保健老师负责组织发放和回收。其中,高年级学生由本人填写,低年级学生由班主任在召开家长会后发给家长带回填写。复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院的眼科专业人员携带仪器到负责对研究对象的视光学检测。问卷和检测原始资料用SPSS建立数据库,运用SPSS软件进行分析。 结果： 1、通过对6～16岁的6465份调查表的统计分析,在所调查的用眼和生活习惯指标中,有13个指标在不同年龄组中有统计学差异,随着年龄的增长,每天课余读写时间、学期中看电视和用电脑时间、寒暑假看电视和用电脑时间、每日室外活动时间逐渐增加,每日睡眠时间逐渐减少；握笔姿势、写字体姿、眼与书本距离符合要求的比例有所提高；躺着阅读和行走或乘车时看书的人数有所上升；作息趋于不规律。另有8调查指标与性别相关,其中：写字时身体姿势、行走或乘车时的看书习惯,男生均好于女生；用眼知识女生好于男生；女生课外补习时间多于男生；看电视、用电脑的时间,男生均多于女生；另外,男生偏好荤食,女生偏好素食。 2、研究对象的近视患病率达50.4%,其中小学生为43.3%,初中生为70.8%。初中生视力低于小学生(P0.01),女生视力值略低于男生,但近视程度间无统计学差异。 3、阅读姿势、眼与书本距离、行走时阅读、课余读写时间、用电脑时间、作息是否规律、睡眠时间均与近视程度有关。 结论和建议： 1、多数小学和初中生没有养成良好的读写习惯。尽管大部分调查对象了解用眼知识,但没有采取正确的姿势和行为,提示学校、家长在向儿童普及用眼知识的同时,还要在日常监督他们的用眼行为。 2、徐汇区儿童近视患病率和上海市平均值基本持平,高于全国水平。视力随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降,女生视力差于男生。如果以屈光度数=OD为正常；0～-3.0D(含)为轻度近视眼；-3.0D～-6.0D(含)为中度近视眼；-6.0D为高度近视眼(若同一人双眼视力情况有差异,则用较差的一眼情况代表本人的视力状况)作为近视的判定标准,研究对象的患病率高达87.7%,但鉴于国内目前没有类似的研究,本次调查没有进行比较。 3、近视的病因成分较为复杂,是多方面综合的因素。本次研究表明,年龄、性别、阅读时眼与书本的距离为主要因素。对于近视的预防要从多方面同时做起。
[Abstract]:Myopia means that the eye forms a focal point in front of the retina after the parallel light passes through the eye's refractive system in the relaxed state. In all age groups, the prevalence of myopia in children is the highest, and there is a growing trend. The cause of myopia is not yet completely clear. It is generally considered that there are genetic factors, developmental factors and external environmental factors, or the combination of the three. The results are the important external factors for myopia, including reading time or other close-range work (watching TV, using a computer, etc.) and the surrounding environment (e.g. Lighting). In addition, eating habits, etc., are also considered to be near-sighted. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia and to explore the prevalence of myopia by investigating the current status of the population in the age group, and obtaining the information about the factors related to the myopia and the refractive data. Possible factors. Research object: 4 primary schools in Xuhui District, Shanghai, 4 junior high schools and 1 year 6531 students in the school. Methods: The questionnaire and on-site testing were included. The questionnaire was part of the school The health-care teacher is responsible for organizing the distribution and recovery of the students. To be sent back to the parents after the meeting of the parent-parent meeting. The eye-care professional personnel of the Affiliated Eye of the Fudan University and the Hospital of Otolaryngology The device is responsible for the visual optical detection of the study object. The questionnaire and the number of SPSS for detecting the original data according to the library, The results were as follows: 1. According to the statistical analysis of 6465 questionnaires from 6 to 16 years of age, there were 13 indexes in the used eye and living habit index, and there were statistical differences in the different age groups, and with the increase of age, there were 13 indexes. Long, daily reading and writing time, TV and computer time during the semester, the time of watching TV and computer time in the summer, the daily outdoor activity time is gradually increased, the daily sleep time is gradually reduced; the proportion of the pen holding posture, the writing body posture, the eye and the book distance meets the requirements improve; lay down and read and read There is a rise in the number of people who read while walking or in the car; the rate of interest tends to be irregular. The other eight survey indicators are gender-related, among which: when writing, the body posture, walking or reading habits at the time of the ride, the boys are good at the girls, and the girls in the eye are better than the boys; the extra-curricular time for girls is more than that of the male Life; watch TV, use the time of the computer, man there are more students than girls; in addition, boys prefer to eat, and girls prefer vegan. 2. The prevalence of myopia in the study is up to The middle school students' vision was lower than that of primary school students (P 0). 1) The visual value of the female students is slightly lower than that of the male, but there is no statistical difference between the degree of myopia. 3. The reading position, the distance between the eye and the book, the reading during walking, the class the read-write time, The computer time, whether the interest rate is regular, the sleep time is the same as the myopia range Degree-related. Conclusions and recommendations: 1. Most primary and middle school students do not have good read-write habits. Although most of the respondents are aware of eye-to-eye knowledge, they do not take the right posture and conduct, prompt the school, the parents to use the eye knowledge to the children, and also in the day-to-day supervision the eye-to-eye behavior of their children; the incidence of myopia among children in Xuhui district. The rate and the average value of Shanghai were basically the same, which was higher than that of the whole country. The visual acuity decreased gradually with the increase of age. The visual acuity of the girls was poor in the boys. If the number of diopters = OD was normal, 0 ~-3.0D (inclusive) was mild myopia;-3.0d ~-6.0d (included) was moderate myopia;-6.0d was high myopia. (If there is a difference in the vision of the same person's eyes, a poor eye condition is used to represent the sight condition of the person) as the judgment mark of the myopia The prevalence of the study was 87. 7%, but in view of the domestic purpose, there was no similar study before. The survey was not compared. 3. Myopia. The etiological component is complex, and it is a comprehensive cause of multiple aspects.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R778.11
本文编号：2376978
[Abstract]:Myopia means that the eye forms a focal point in front of the retina after the parallel light passes through the eye's refractive system in the relaxed state. In all age groups, the prevalence of myopia in children is the highest, and there is a growing trend. The cause of myopia is not yet completely clear. It is generally considered that there are genetic factors, developmental factors and external environmental factors, or the combination of the three. The results are the important external factors for myopia, including reading time or other close-range work (watching TV, using a computer, etc.) and the surrounding environment (e.g. Lighting). In addition, eating habits, etc., are also considered to be near-sighted. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia and to explore the prevalence of myopia by investigating the current status of the population in the age group, and obtaining the information about the factors related to the myopia and the refractive data. Possible factors. Research object: 4 primary schools in Xuhui District, Shanghai, 4 junior high schools and 1 year 6531 students in the school. Methods: The questionnaire and on-site testing were included. The questionnaire was part of the school The health-care teacher is responsible for organizing the distribution and recovery of the students. To be sent back to the parents after the meeting of the parent-parent meeting. The eye-care professional personnel of the Affiliated Eye of the Fudan University and the Hospital of Otolaryngology The device is responsible for the visual optical detection of the study object. The questionnaire and the number of SPSS for detecting the original data according to the library, The results were as follows: 1. According to the statistical analysis of 6465 questionnaires from 6 to 16 years of age, there were 13 indexes in the used eye and living habit index, and there were statistical differences in the different age groups, and with the increase of age, there were 13 indexes. Long, daily reading and writing time, TV and computer time during the semester, the time of watching TV and computer time in the summer, the daily outdoor activity time is gradually increased, the daily sleep time is gradually reduced; the proportion of the pen holding posture, the writing body posture, the eye and the book distance meets the requirements improve; lay down and read and read There is a rise in the number of people who read while walking or in the car; the rate of interest tends to be irregular. The other eight survey indicators are gender-related, among which: when writing, the body posture, walking or reading habits at the time of the ride, the boys are good at the girls, and the girls in the eye are better than the boys; the extra-curricular time for girls is more than that of the male Life; watch TV, use the time of the computer, man there are more students than girls; in addition, boys prefer to eat, and girls prefer vegan. 2. The prevalence of myopia in the study is up to The middle school students' vision was lower than that of primary school students (P 0). 1) The visual value of the female students is slightly lower than that of the male, but there is no statistical difference between the degree of myopia. 3. The reading position, the distance between the eye and the book, the reading during walking, the class the read-write time, The computer time, whether the interest rate is regular, the sleep time is the same as the myopia range Degree-related. Conclusions and recommendations: 1. Most primary and middle school students do not have good read-write habits. Although most of the respondents are aware of eye-to-eye knowledge, they do not take the right posture and conduct, prompt the school, the parents to use the eye knowledge to the children, and also in the day-to-day supervision the eye-to-eye behavior of their children; the incidence of myopia among children in Xuhui district. The rate and the average value of Shanghai were basically the same, which was higher than that of the whole country. The visual acuity decreased gradually with the increase of age. The visual acuity of the girls was poor in the boys. If the number of diopters = OD was normal, 0 ~-3.0D (inclusive) was mild myopia;-3.0d ~-6.0d (included) was moderate myopia;-6.0d was high myopia. (If there is a difference in the vision of the same person's eyes, a poor eye condition is used to represent the sight condition of the person) as the judgment mark of the myopia The prevalence of the study was 87. 7%, but in view of the domestic purpose, there was no similar study before. The survey was not compared. 3. Myopia. The etiological component is complex, and it is a comprehensive cause of multiple aspects.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R778.11
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