青蒿素的发现和发展

发布时间：2018-08-19 09:23

【摘要】：卫生部中医研究院中药研究所(简称"中研院中药所",现为中国中医科学院中药研究所)屠呦呦及其研究组在对中药进行大量研究基础上,受中医典籍《肘后备急方》的启迪创建了青蒿提取方法,1971年10月获得青蒿抗疟活性化学部位,1972年11月从中发现青蒿素.青蒿素是一个仅由碳、氢、氧3种元素组成、具有过氧基团特殊结构的新型倍半萜内酯,是与已知抗疟药在化学结构、作用机制完全不同的新化合物.临床疗效几乎可达100%,具有速效、高效和低毒等特点.目前,青蒿素及其衍生物是世界上治疗疟疾最有效的药物,青蒿素联合疗法已被用于几乎所有国家和地区的疟区,每年治疗病例一亿以上,降低了全球疟疾的发生率和死亡率,已挽救了数百万人的生命.青蒿素来自中医药、发现启迪于中医药.它是中国传统医学和现代科技紧密结合.融合多学科和行业的系统创新工程,凝聚着一群中国科学家的艰辛和智慧,是中医药对人类健康事业作出的一项巨大贡献.我国政府先后11次给参加这一工程的相关单位授予国家发明奖、国家自然科学奖、国家科技进步奖等各类大奖,屠呦呦也因此获得了2015年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖和2016年度国家最高科学技术奖.
[Abstract]:Tu Youyou, Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Academia Sinica of the Ministry of Health (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine of the Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese Medicine), and his research group have done a great deal of research on traditional Chinese medicine. The extraction method of Artemisia annua was established by the enlightenment of traditional Chinese medicine book "cubital reserve acute prescription". The active chemical site of Artemisia annua was obtained in October 1971 and artemisinin was found from it in November 1972. Artemisinin is a new type of sesquiterpene lactone which is composed only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and has a special structure of peroxy group. It is a new compound which is completely different from known antimalarial drugs in chemical structure and mechanism of action. The clinical curative effect is almost 100, with the characteristics of quick-acting, high-efficiency and low toxicity. At present, artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective drugs for malaria treatment in the world, and artemisinin combination therapy has been used in almost all countries and regions to treat more than 100 million cases each year, reducing the incidence and mortality of malaria worldwide. Millions of lives have been saved. Artemisinin from Chinese medicine, found enlightenment in Chinese medicine. It is a close combination of traditional Chinese medicine and modern science and technology. The system innovation project which combines multi-disciplinary and industry, condenses the hardship and wisdom of a group of Chinese scientists, and is a great contribution of TCM to human health. The Chinese government has awarded various awards such as the National Inventors Award, the National Natural Science Award, the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and so on, to the relevant units participating in the project. Tu also won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and the 2016 highest science and technology award.
【作者单位】：中国中医科学院中药研究所;
【分类号】：R978.6

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