麦蚜吡虫啉抗性品系筛选及其抗性生化机制的研究

发布时间：2019-06-01 11:22

【摘要】：蚜虫作为农林经济植物上的一类重要害虫，能对多种寄主植物造成多重侵害。杀虫剂作为害虫防治工程的一个环节，其所取得的成就显而易见，但长期广泛大量地使用杀虫剂导致害虫对杀虫剂产生抗药性使得害虫的化学防治工作面临着挑战。因此对于害虫抗性机制的研究具有重要的实践意义。本文着眼麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)吡虫啉抗性的发生发展及吡虫啉对麦二叉蚜的筛选作用，监测麦二叉蚜体内相关酶系的动态变化，试图初步探究麦二叉蚜吡虫啉抗性的生化机制及吡虫啉对麦二叉蚜生态学参数的影响。使用吡虫啉对麦二叉蚜连续进行13代抗性筛选，得到抗性倍数为7.21的麦二叉蚜抗性品系F13，F13品系的乙酰胆碱酯酶与谷胱甘肽转移酶比活力分别是F0的1.88与1.31倍。结果显示，麦二叉蚜吡虫啉抗性的发展速度较慢，乙酰胆碱酯酶与谷胱甘肽转移酶的活性变化同LC50值的变化具有一定的相关性，说明麦二叉蚜的吡虫啉抗性可能与其体内乙酰胆碱酯酶与谷胱甘肽转移酶的活性增强有关。亚致死剂量吡虫啉处理麦二叉蚜亲代后，其子一代的LC50值、乙酰胆碱酯酶活力和谷胱甘肽转移酶活力增强，随着世代延续，分别又恢复到处理前水平。说明亚致死剂量吡虫啉对乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶活力具有一定的诱导作用；同时，亚致死剂量吡虫啉处理麦二叉蚜亲代后，，对相对敏感品系亲代平均寿命、内禀增长率、净增殖率和周限增长率有抑制作用，且随着世代的增加，这种抑制作用逐渐减弱。
[Abstract]:Aphids, as a kind of important pests in agricultural and forestry economic plants, can cause multiple damage to a variety of host plants. As a link of pest control engineering, pesticides have made obvious achievements, but the long-term extensive use of pesticides leads to the resistance of pests to pesticides, which makes the chemical control of pests face challenges. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the mechanism of pest resistance. In this paper, the occurrence and development of (Schizaphis graminum) imidacloprid resistance and the screening effect of imidacloprid on wheat binary aphid were studied, and the dynamic changes of related enzymes in wheat binary aphid were monitored. The biochemical mechanism of imidacloprid resistance and the effect of imidacloprid on the ecological parameters of wheat aphid were studied. Imidacloprid was used to screen the resistance of wheat binary aphid for 13 generations. The resistant strain F13 with resistance multiple of 7.21 was obtained. The specific activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase in F13 strain were 1.88 and 1.31 times higher than those in F0, respectively. The results showed that the resistance to imidacloprid in wheat aphid was developing slowly, and the activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase were correlated with the change of LC50 value. It is suggested that the imidacloprid resistance of wheat binary aphid may be related to the increased activity of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase in wheat aphid. After sublethal dose imidacloprid treatment, the LC50 value, acetylcholinesterase activity and glutathion transferase activity of their offspring increased, and returned to the pre-treatment level with the continuation of the generation. The results showed that the sublethal dose imidacloprid could induce the activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase to a certain extent. At the same time, sublethal dose imidacloprid could inhibit the parental life expectancy, intrinsic growth rate, net proliferation rate and weekly growth rate of relatively sensitive lines, and the inhibitory effect was gradually weakened with the increase of generations.
【学位授予单位】：武汉轻工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R96

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