载siRNA的纳米制剂研究进展

发布时间：2019-07-17 18:57

【摘要】：目的:为小干扰RNA(siRNA)纳米制剂递送的研究提供参考。方法:以"基因治疗""RNA干扰""小干扰RNA""载体系统""siRNA""Gene therapy""RNA interference""Protamine"等为关键词,组合查询1996-2016年在PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中的相关文献,对载siRNA的纳米制剂的导入方法、载体类型及影响递送过程的主要因素进行综述。结果:共检索到相关文献500余篇,其中有效文献40篇。载siRNA的纳米制剂导入方法主要分为物理化学法和载体介导法。在载体介导法中的非病毒载体,不仅克服了siRNA半衰期短、生物利用度低等缺点,而且在一定程度上提高了siRNA的递送效率,是现代药剂学研究的一个热点。常用非病毒载体包括阳离子脂质体、二元复合物纳米载体、三元复合物纳米载体。载体靶向性修饰、粒径与表面电荷是递送siRNA纳米载体主要影响因素。siRNA的高效递送依赖于新的高效、低免疫原性载体的开发以及纳米制剂递送系统的优化。因此,可载siRNA的高效、低免疫原性纳米制剂的研究任重而道远。
[Abstract]:Objective: to provide reference for the study of small interference RNA (siRNA) nano-preparation delivery. Methods: taking "gene therapy", "RNA interference", "small interference RNA", "vector system" siRNA "Gene therapy" RNA interference "Protamine" as keywords, the related literature in PubMed, China knowledge Network, Wanfang and Weipu database from 1996 to 2016 were queried, and the introduction methods, vector types and main factors affecting the delivery process of siRNA were reviewed. Results: more than 500 related literatures were searched, of which 40 were effective. The introduction methods of nano-preparations loaded with siRNA are mainly divided into physicochemical method and carrier-mediated method. Non-viral vectors in vector-mediated method not only overcome the shortcomings of short half-life and low bioavailability of siRNA, but also improve the delivery efficiency of siRNA to a certain extent, which is a hot spot in modern pharmacy research. Common non-viral carriers include cationic liposomes, binary complex nanocarriers and ternary composite nanocarriers. Carrier targeting modification, particle size and surface charge are the main factors affecting the delivery of siRNA nanocarriers. The efficient delivery of siRNAs depends on the development of new efficient, low immunogenicity carriers and the optimization of nano-preparation delivery systems. Therefore, the study of high efficiency and low immunogenicity nano-preparations containing siRNA has a long way to go.
【作者单位】：黑龙江中医药大学药学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81603418) 哈尔滨市应用技术研究与开发项目(No.2016RAQXJ197)
【分类号】：R943

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