中美个体采样方法对电焊烟尘采样结果影响的对比分析

发布时间：2018-01-09 08:17

本文关键词：中美个体采样方法对电焊烟尘采样结果影响的对比分析　出处：《中国预防医学杂志》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：通过对比分析我国个体采样方法与美国个体采样方法对粉尘检测结果的影响,找出中美对于粉尘个体采样不同方法之间的区别及联系。本研究对北京市丰台区4个电焊车间的劳动者分别按照中国《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》(GBZ159-2004)和美国《Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy Manual》规定的采样对象选取原则和采样方法进行个体采样,其中,在中国采样对象确定原则中,将"不能确定接触有害物质浓度最高和接触时间最长的劳动者时"的采样方案定义为第一种方案,将"能够确定接触有害物质浓度最高和接触时间最长的劳动者时"的采样方案定义为第二种方案;美国采样对象选取的原则按照"最高风险概率等于10%,置信区间为95%时确定采样对象人数。数据的分析及处理采用统计学SPSS 16.0软件进行,定量资料的分析采用双侧t检验,定性资料分析采用双侧χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果显示,采用中国第一方案采样的检测结果均值范围(1.85±1.46)mg/m3~(5.72±3.81)mg/m3,采用美国方案为(1.85±1.46)mg/m3~(5.44±3.12)mg/m3,中国第一方案的结果略高于美国方案,差异无统计学意义;采用中国第二种采样方案检测结果中,某消毒设备厂、某汽车公司的检测结果 (6.34±1.33)mg/m3和(7.42±2.40)mg/m3,略高于美国方案检测结果 (3.80±2.01)mg/m3和(3.84±2.67)mg/m3,某车辆装备公司和某构件厂的结果 (5.41±5.23)mg/m3和(1.00±0.25)mg/m3,略低于美国检测结果(5.44±3.12)mg/m3和(1.85±1.46)mg/m3,差异无统计学意义。在95%可信区间上限值比较中,中国采样结果均较美国采样结果有增高的趋势。在采样对象较少的情况下,中国个体采样方法与美国个体采样方法所得出结果差异无统计学意义,但中国个体采样数据及95%可信上限值普遍高于美国个体采样数据。与美国采样方法比较,我国现行采样规范有一些不足,应加快我国"采样规范"修订的步伐,满足职业卫生工作发展的需要。
[Abstract]:The influence of individual sampling method in China and American individual sampling method on dust detection results was analyzed. To find out the difference and relation between Chinese and American methods of individual dust sampling. In this study, workers in four welding workshops in Fengtai District, Beijing, were sampled according to the Chinese Standard for Monitoring harmful substances in the Air in the Workplace. > (. GB 159-2004). And the United States < Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy. Manual > the sampling object selection principle and sampling method for individual sampling. Among them, in the principle of sampling object determination in China, the sampling scheme "the highest concentration of exposure to harmful substances and the longest exposure to the laborer" is defined as the first scheme. (B) to define the sampling programme "when workers are able to determine the highest concentrations and longest exposure to hazardous substances" as the second option; The principle of sample selection in the United States is "maximum risk probability is equal to 10%." The sample size was determined when the confidence interval was 95. The data were analyzed and processed by statistical SPSS 16.0 software, and the quantitative data were analyzed by bilateral t test. Qualitative data analysis using bilateral 蠂 2 test (P0.05) was statistically significant. The results showed that. The mean range of the sampling results using the first Chinese scheme is 1.85 卤1.46 mg / m ~ 3, 5.72 卤3.81 m ~ 3 路m ~ (3) 路m ~ (3) 路m ~ (3) ~ (-1) ~ (-1). The result of the first scheme in China was slightly higher than that in the United States (5.44 卤3.12) mg / m ~ (3). The difference was not statistically significant. In the test results of the second sampling scheme in China, the test results of a disinfection equipment factory and an automobile company were 6.34 卤1.33 mg / m ~ 3 and 7.42 卤2.40 mg / m ~ 3 respectively. It was a little higher than that of the United States (3.80 卤2.01g / m ~ 3) and 3.84 卤2.67g / m ~ (3). The results of a vehicle equipment company and a component factory are 5.41 卤5.23 mg / m ~ 3 and 1.00 卤0.25 mg / m ~ 3 respectively. It was slightly lower than that in the United States (5.44 卤3.12 mg / m ~ 3) and 1.85 卤1.46 mg / m ~ (3) respectively. There was no significant difference in the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval. The sampling results in China are higher than those in the United States, but there is no significant difference between the Chinese individual sampling method and the American individual sampling method in the case of fewer sampling objects. However, the Chinese individual sampling data and the 95% credible upper limit value are generally higher than the American individual sampling data. Compared with the American sampling method, the current sampling standards of our country have some shortcomings. In order to meet the needs of the development of occupational health work, we should speed up the revision of sampling norms in China.
【作者单位】：首都经济贸易大学安全与环境工程学院;北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：国家安全生产监督管理总局2015年安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目(beijing-0011-2015AQ)
【分类号】：R134.4
【正文快照】： 在职业病危害因素检测工作中,个体采样检测具有直接、简便、结果可靠的特点,尤其适用于巡检作业的工人,是检测工作的重要组成部分[1]。在我国《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》(GBZ159-2004)[2](以下简称“采样规范”)中,对于职业接触限值为时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-T

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