危害分析关键控制点技术在二次供水卫生安全管理中的应用

发布时间：2018-01-13 18:28

本文关键词：危害分析关键控制点技术在二次供水卫生安全管理中的应用　出处：《环境与健康杂志》2017年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为建立实施并评价二次供水危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)应用体系,选取20个二次供水系统随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组应用二次供水HACCP体系,实施HACCP工作计划。对照组按照法规进行日常管理。选用色度、浑浊度、臭和味、总大肠菌群、菌落总数、游离余氯、耗氧量7项权重指标观察两组干预前后测值变化;选用水质综合合格分值和综合合格率两项指标,观察两组干预前后水质综合合格情况;在干预开始(2008年4月1日)前1周和干预实施(4月28日)后1周,对两组卫生管理分别进行评分。结果显示,按照HACCP基本原则和步骤对二次供水系统29个步骤和环节进行危害分析、危害评估和决定树逻辑分析后,确定了12个关键控制点。对干预组二次供水系统的12个关键控制点建立了关键控制限值、监测系统和程序,建立了纠偏措施和纠偏行动程序,HACCP应用体系运行良好。与对照组末梢水相比,干预后干预组末梢水游离余氯增加,耗氧量减少,细菌总数减少,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);而色度、浑浊度、臭和味、总大肠菌群无明显变化。干预后干预组水质综合合格分值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。干预后干预组末梢水较干预前干预组末梢水水质综合合格率增加21.75%,干预后干预组末梢水水质综合合格率较对照组增加22.60%。干预后干预组安全管理评分[(92.20±2.57)分]均高于对照组[(70.00±4.81)分]和干预组干预前[(63.40±6.47)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。提示在二次供水系统中建立较为完整的HACCP应用体系,方法简便可行;应用二次供水HACCP体系后,末梢水水质改善,水质综合合格分值和综合合格率提高,可有效防治二次污染。
[Abstract]:To establish and evaluate the implementation of two water hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) application system, selected 20 two water supply system were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group with two HACCP water supply system, the implementation of HACCP program. The control group daily management in accordance with the regulations. The chroma, turbidity. Smell and taste, total coliforms, total number of colonies, free chlorine, oxygen consumption index 7 weight of two groups were observed before and after intervention changes; selection of synthetical two index scores and pass rate of two groups were observed before and after intervention, the water quality comprehensive qualification; in the beginning of the intervention (April 1, 2008) before and 1 weeks the implementation of the intervention (April 28th) after 1 weeks, the two groups of health management was assessed. The results showed that, in accordance with the basic principles and steps of HACCP hazard analysis of the two water supply system in 29 steps and links, hazard assessment and decision tree logic After the analysis, identified 12 critical control points. The intervention group two water supply system 12 critical control points to establish the critical control limit, monitoring systems and procedures, establish corrective measures and corrective action program, run the HACCP application system. Compared with the control group of tap water, tap water after intervention. Free chlorine increased, oxygen consumption decreased, the total number of bacteria decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P0.01); and the chromaticity, turbidity, smell and taste, the total coliform group had no obvious change. The intervention group synthetical scores higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.01). The intervention group compared with the intervention of tap water before the intervention group tap water comprehensive water quality compliance rate increased by 21.75% after the intervention, the intervention group tap water comprehensive water quality compliance rate than the control group were increased safety management intervention group after intervention of 22.60%. (92.20 + 2.57) points were higher than the control group ([] 70 + 4.81)%] and the intervention group before intervention [(63.40 + 6.47)%], the difference was statistically significant (P0.01). It is suggested that the establishment of a more comprehensive application of HACCP system in the two water supply system, a simple and feasible method; HACCP two water supply system after the application of tap water, improve water quality, water quality comprehensive qualification the comprehensive score and qualified rate increase, can effectively prevent pollution two.

【作者单位】：陕西省卫生和计划生育监督中心;重庆医科大学一系;
【分类号】：R123.1
【正文快照】： 饮用水安全问题历来是国际国内最关注的公共卫生问题之一,二次供水是整个城市供水系统中的重要一环,二次供水卫生安全在饮用水安全中占有重要位置。有文献报道,二次供水二次污染严重水质下降[1],暴露出二次供水卫生安全管理存在不足。因此,采用二次供水安全管理技术防治二次污

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