我国儿童血铅水平现状及对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 05:26

本文关键词：我国儿童血铅水平现状及对策研究　出处：《南华大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的分析我国群体性铅中毒事件发生的流行趋势、特征以及我国0~6岁儿童整体血铅水平，总结美国、加拿大等发达国家铅中毒防控策略的现状，分析我国铅中毒防制策略中存在的不足，为降低我国儿童血铅水平和铅中毒发生几率，改善儿童健康状况提供参考依据。内容和方法(1)本文选用“铅污染”、“铅中毒”、“铅超标”、“事件”等为检索词，分别在知网、万方数据库及新华网、人民网等影响力较大的网站、刊物进行检索，搜集2004~2012年间我国发生的群体性铅中毒事件并进行描述性统计分析，了解铅中毒事件流行态势及特征。(2)以“儿童血铅”、“铅中毒”、“血铅水平”等为检索词，通过计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方等数据库收集我国自2008年以来公开发表的有关0~6岁儿童血铅水平的相关文献，了解我国最近5年0~6岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率的整体情况，为进一步开展儿童血铅防控研究提供基础数据。(3)通过对比分析我国与美国、加拿大等发达国家儿童铅中毒防控策略的差异，，了解我国的铅中毒防控策略的现状和不足，为完善我国儿童铅中毒防控策略提供依据。结果(1)研究表明我国自2004年以来发生了50起群体性铅中毒事件，其中2009年以后共发生32起，占64.0%；事件主要发生在东、中部经济较发达的地区，所占比例分别为46.0%和32.0%；事件发生中铅冶炼厂和铅蓄电池企业约占72.0%，是事件发生的主要污染源；职业性铅中毒有5起，占10.0%，30起铅中毒人群均为儿童，占60.0%；(2)通过对27个省(市)涉及28万人所作的系统分析发现，近5年来我国0~6岁儿童的血铅水平为63.15μg/L，铅中毒率为12.31%；总体上血铅水平随年龄增加而增高；在27个省(市)中除了陕西、浙江、吉林、重庆4个省儿童血铅均值较以前有所升高，其他省份均下降，此外陕西和浙江的铅中毒率较之前有所升高；男童血铅水平和铅中毒率均高于女童；(3)我国铅中毒防控策略与发达国家相比儿童铅中毒诊断标准相对滞后，环境中铅的相关标准存在一定的差距；铅蓄电池行业法律体系较健全但缺乏有效的监管体制；儿童家长铅中毒预防相关知识获得途径较少等问题。结论 1.我国群体性铅中毒事件呈多发状态，主要影响职业人员和儿童，事件发生呈明显的地区分布特征，铅冶炼厂和铅蓄电池厂是事件发生的主要原因； 2.近5年来我国学龄前儿童血铅水平和铅中毒率均持续下降，但与发达国家相比仍存在较大的差距； 3.与发达国家相比我国铅中毒防控策略缺乏系统性研究，需进一步完善环境法规，加强健康教育策略研究，多部门共同合作以逐步降低儿童血铅水平。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of mass lead poisoning in China and to summarize the present situation of prevention and control strategies for lead poisoning in developed countries such as the United States and Canada. The deficiency of prevention and control strategy of lead poisoning in China was analyzed in order to reduce the level of lead in blood and the probability of lead poisoning and to improve the health status of children in China. Content and method 1) this article selects "lead pollution", "lead poisoning", "lead exceeding standard", "event" as the key words, respectively in the network, Wanfang database and Xinhua net, people's net and other influential websites. In order to find out the epidemic situation and characteristics of lead poisoning in children, we collected and analyzed the mass lead poisoning events in China from 2004 to 2012, and analyzed the epidemic situation and characteristics of lead poisoning events in order to "lead in children's blood". "lead poisoning" and "blood lead level" are the key words. Wanfang and other databases collected the relevant literature on the blood lead level of children aged 0 ~ 6 years published since 2008 in China to understand the overall situation of blood lead level and lead poisoning rate of children aged 0 ~ 6 years in our country in the last 5 years. To provide basic data for further research on prevention and control of children's blood lead. (3) by comparing and analyzing the differences of prevention and control strategies of children's lead poisoning between China and developed countries such as the United States and Canada. To understand the present situation and deficiency of lead poisoning prevention and control strategy in China, and to provide the basis for improving the prevention and control strategy of lead poisoning in children in China. Results 1) the study showed that there were 50 cases of group lead poisoning since 2004, of which 32 cases (64.0%) occurred after 2009; The events mainly occurred in the east and the central regions with more developed economy, accounting for 46.0% and 32.0 percent, respectively. The lead smelter and the lead battery enterprise account for about 72.0, which is the main source of pollution. There were 5 cases of occupational lead poisoning, accounting for 10.0% of the 30 cases of lead poisoning were children, accounting for 60.0%; (2) based on the systematic analysis of 280,000 people in 27 provinces (cities), it was found that the blood lead level of children aged 0 ~ 6 years in China was 63.15 渭 g / L, and the lead poisoning rate was 12.31 渭 g / L in the past 5 years. As a whole, the blood lead level increased with age. In 27 provinces (cities), except Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jilin and Chongqing, the average of children's blood lead increased, and the other provinces decreased. In addition, the lead poisoning rate in Shaanxi and Zhejiang was higher than before. The blood lead level and lead poisoning rate of boys were higher than those of girls. 3) compared with the developed countries, the prevention and control strategy of lead poisoning in China is relatively lagging behind the diagnostic criteria for lead poisoning in children, and there is a certain gap in the related standards of lead in the environment. The legal system of lead-acid battery industry is relatively sound but lack of effective supervision system; There are few ways to acquire knowledge about prevention of lead poisoning among parents of children. Conclusion 1. The occurrence of group lead poisoning in China was frequent, which mainly affected professional personnel and children. The occurrence of the incidents showed obvious regional distribution characteristics. Lead smelter and lead storage battery plant were the main causes of the incident. 2.The blood lead level and lead poisoning rate of preschool children in China have been decreasing in recent five years, but there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries. 3.Compared with the developed countries, the prevention and control strategies of lead poisoning in China are lack of systematic research. It is necessary to further improve the environmental laws and regulations, strengthen the study of health education strategies, and cooperate with other departments to gradually reduce the blood lead level of children.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R179

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