广东省珠江三角洲成年人吸烟和戒烟现状分析

发布时间：2018-01-31 13:19

  本文关键词： 吸烟 戒烟 成年人 广东　出处：《中国全科医学》2017年33期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：背景烟草危害健康是目前全球的公共卫生难题,针对吸烟和戒烟行为的监控、研究具有重大意义。目的了解当前广东省珠江三角洲居民的吸烟和戒烟行为流行现况,并进一步探讨该地区成年人戒烟行为的影响因素,以期为相关卫生机构制定有效的烟草控制措施提供充分的证据。方法 2015年7月—2016年10月采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,先在广东省珠江三角洲地区9个城市中随机抽取深圳、珠海、东莞共3个城市,再在每个城市随机抽取1个城区(镇)作为研究点,然后在每个研究点随机抽取不低于1 500户家庭,最终共选取18 102例18岁以上常住居民为调查对象。采用国家卫生计生委制定的家庭健康询问调查表的部分内容进行调查,调查内容包括居民的人口学特征(性别、年龄、户籍所在地、婚姻状况、文化程度)、疾病情况[高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、脑卒中、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、肿瘤]情况、吸烟行为、每日吸烟量、起始吸烟年龄。结果 18 102例居民中,不吸烟14 740例(81.43%),吸烟2 885例(15.94%),戒烟477例(2.63%)。男性吸烟率高于女性(P0.05);35~64岁居民吸烟率高于18~34岁、≥65岁居民(P0.05);本地户籍居民吸烟率低于外地户籍居民(P0.05);大专、本科及以上文化程度居民吸烟率低于小学及以下文化程度居民和初中、中专或高中文化程度居民(P0.05)。男性吸烟居民每日吸烟量大于女性(P0.05);不同性别吸烟居民起始吸烟年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。患有高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、脑卒中、COPD的有吸烟史居民戒烟率均高于未患疾病有吸烟史居民(P0.05);患有肿瘤的有吸烟史居民戒烟率与未患有肿瘤的有吸烟史居民比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别[OR=1.823,95%CI(1.283,2.592)]、年龄[35~64岁:OR=3.610,95%CI(2.172,6.001);≥65岁:OR=13.760,95%CI(8.102,23.367)]、文化程度(大专、本科及以上)[OR=1.846,95%CI(1.327,2.568)]、高血压[OR=1.903,95%CI(1.491,2.429)]、脑卒中[OR=3.376,95%CI(1.884,6.048)]、COPD[OR=2.081,95%CI(1.115,3.882)]是居民戒烟行为的影响因素(P0.05)。结论广东省珠江三角洲居民的吸烟率、戒烟率均较低;而女性,≥35岁,大专、本科及以上文化程度和疾病因素(高血压、脑卒中、COPD)可促进居民戒烟。今后仍需持续关注和监测居民吸烟流行状况,并加强重点人群的健康宣教及干预措施,争取早期控制吸烟、成功戒烟,避免发生与吸烟相关的疾病,从而促进人群健康。
[Abstract]:Background Tobacco endangers health is a global public health problem, the monitoring of smoking and smoking cessation behavior. Objective to investigate the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation behavior among residents in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, and to explore the influencing factors of smoking cessation behavior among adults in this area. In order to provide sufficient evidence for relevant health institutions to formulate effective tobacco control measures. Methods from July 2015 to October 2016, multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used. First, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Dongguan were randomly selected from 9 cities in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province, and then one city (town) was randomly selected from each city as the research point. No less than 1,500 households were then randomly selected at each study point. A total of 18 102 permanent residents over 18 years of age were selected for investigation. Part of the family health questionnaire developed by the National Health and Family Planning Commission was used to investigate. The survey included demographic characteristics of the population (sex, age, domicile location, marital status, educational background, disease status). [Hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer] smoking behavior, daily smoking volume, age of initial smoking. Results 18 102 residents. No smoking was found in 14 740 cases (81.43), smoking in 2 885 cases (15. 94%), quitting smoking in 477 cases (2. 63%). The smoking rate of males was higher than that of females (P 0. 05%). The smoking rate of the residents aged 35 to 64 years was higher than that of the patients aged 18 to 34 years. The smoking rate of local residents was lower than that of other residents. The smoking rate of college, undergraduate and above residents is lower than that of primary school students and junior middle school students. The average daily smoking rate of male smokers was higher than that of females. There was no significant difference between the age of smoking and the onset age of smoking in different genders (P 0.05). Patients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke. The smoking cessation rate of residents with history of smoking in COPD was higher than that of residents with smoking history without disease (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in smoking cessation rate between residents with cancer and those with smoking history without tumor (P 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that: sex, sex, and sex. [OR1.82395 CIQ 1.283 2.592], age. [35 / 64: ORK 3.610 / 95 / CI2.172 / 6.001; 鈮，

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