糖尿病患者的膳食摄入状况调查及手机短信饮食教育效果分析

发布时间：2018-02-28 19:35

本文关键词： 糖尿病饮食手机短信糖尿病教育　出处：《广西医科大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：了解糖尿病人的膳食状况、饮食知识、饮食态度及饮食习惯。了解通过过短信方式进行饮食教育能否改善患者的膳食结构、饮食习惯和饮食态度，提高饮食知识水平。方法：采用问卷调查方法对符合入选标准糖尿病患者60人进行进行膳食结构、饮食态度、饮食知识、饮食习惯调查，，并随机分为对照组和干预组，干预组住院期间接受糖尿病教育，并在出院后通过短信方式继续进行饮食教育，对照组仅住院期间接受同样的糖尿病教育，3个月后分析两组膳食结构、饮食知识、饮食态度及饮食习惯的改变。结果：本次调查对象每日膳食中畜禽肉类、乳类、蛋类、鱼虾类、水果、豆类摄入量分别占推荐量的207.8%、34.5%、57.7%、50.4%、43.3%、27.7%。病程与糖尿病患者蔬菜类、禽畜肉类、蛋类、鱼类的每日膳食摄入量及糖尿病患者饮食态度评分有相关性(P0.05)，R值分别为0.2、-0.2、0.2、-0.3、0.3。本次调查对象有食用粗粮习惯的15例(25％)，按时就餐的43例(71.7％)，食用动物油的4例(6.7％)，经常饮酒的16例(26.7％)，经常吃零食的7例(11.7％)，每餐食用时间＞10min的34例(56.7％)，经常食用高热量食品的17例(28.3％)。与干预前对比干预组谷类、禽畜肉类的摄入量及常食高热量食物、饮酒的人数比例减少，蔬菜类摄入量、饮食知识评分及常食粗粮、常食零食、进餐时间10min、按时就餐的人数比例增加(P0.05)；与对照组比较，干预后饮食知识评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论： 1、糖尿病患者对禽畜肉类的摄入过多，对乳类、蛋类、鱼虾类、豆类的摄入量低。 2、学历与糖尿病患者谷类、肉类摄入量呈正相关性，与鱼类的摄入量呈负相关性；病程与糖尿病患者蔬菜类、蛋类的摄入量及饮食态度和饮食知识评分呈正相关性，与肉类的摄入量呈负相关性。 3、糖尿病患者多数能做到按时就餐，但对粗粮的摄入不足，部分患者有食用动物油、饮酒、食用高热量食品及吃零食的习惯。 4、短信教育可以减少患者谷类、禽畜肉类的摄入量及食用高热量食物、饮酒的人数比例；增加患者蔬菜类摄入量、饮食知识及食用粗粮、零食、按时就餐及用餐时间10min的人数比例。 5、与常规饮食教育对比通过手机短信对患者进行饮食教育可以使患者掌握更多的饮食知识。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the dietary status, dietary knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary habits of diabetic patients, and to understand whether diet education through SMS can improve the dietary structure, dietary habits and dietary attitudes of patients, and improve their dietary knowledge level. Methods: a questionnaire survey was conducted among 60 diabetic patients who met the criteria of diabetes mellitus. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: control group and intervention group. The intervention group received diabetes education during hospitalization and continued diet education by SMS after discharge. The control group received the same diabetes education only during hospitalization. After 3 months the diet structure and dietary knowledge of the two groups were analyzed. Changes in dietary attitudes and eating habits. Results: the daily intake of livestock and poultry meat, milk, eggs, fish and shrimp, fruit and beans accounted for 207.8% of the recommended amount respectively. The daily dietary intake of fish and the score of dietary attitude of diabetic patients were significantly correlated with that of the patients with diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05), respectively. The R values of fish were 0.2- 0.2n 0.2U -0.3g 0.3.The subjects of this survey included 15 cases with the habit of eating coarse grain, 43 cases with regular meals and 71.7% with regular meals, 4 cases with edible animal oil and 4 cases with regular drinking. Of the 16 cases, 26.7%, 7 cases with regular snacks, 7 cases with 11.7%, 34 cases with more than 10 min for each meal, 56.7%, and 17 cases with regular consumption of high-calorie food, 28. 3%. Compared with the intervention group, the intake of cereals, livestock meat intake and high calorie diet, the proportion of drinkers decreased, the intake of vegetables, the score of dietary knowledge, the regular consumption of coarse grain and snacks, were compared with those before intervention. Compared with the control group, the score of dietary knowledge after intervention was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion:. 1. Diabetic patients consume too much meat, and low intake of milk, eggs, fish and shrimp, and beans. (2) the educational background was positively correlated with the intake of cereals and meat, and negatively with the intake of fish, and the course of disease was positively correlated with the intake of vegetables, eggs, dietary attitudes and dietary knowledge scores of diabetic patients. There was a negative correlation between meat intake and meat intake. 3. Most patients with diabetes can eat on time, but the intake of coarse grain is not enough. Some patients have the habit of eating animal oil, drinking alcohol, eating high-calorie food and eating snacks. (4) short message education can reduce the intake of cereals and livestock meat and the proportion of people who eat high-calorie foods and drink alcohol, increase the intake of vegetables, knowledge of diet and eating coarse grains, snacks, etc. The number of people who eat on time and 10 minutes. 5. Compared with the routine diet education, the patients can get more knowledge of diet by SMS.
【学位授予单位】：广西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R151

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