2014-2016年槐荫区居民饮用水水质和食品检测分析及与蒙山长寿区的水质对比

发布时间：2018-03-15 10:48

本文选题：槐荫区　切入点：生活饮用水　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,每位健康成年人体内的水约占其体重的百分之六十五,并且机体内的水参与了其所有的新陈代谢过程。因此,人类的生存和发展都离不开水。作为当代中国经济发展程度以及国民生存质量的重要体现形式,居民日常饮用水的卫生安全状况严重影响着我们的生命康健水平。"民以食为天。"食品是人类生存之本,它可以直接或间接地对本国的政治、经济、文化多领域产生重要影响。随着我国及世界各国纷纷涌现的食品安全问题,全球人民关注的焦点逐渐集中到公众食品安全方面,我国中央及各级政府都十分注重食品安全问题。探索长寿地区与非长寿地区的水质差异,可以为解锁长寿密码提供必要依据。[研究目的]通过对2014-2016年济南市槐荫区居民生活饮用水水质和食品某些指标的卫生检测,了解槐荫区生活饮用水和食品的安全状况。通过连续三年的数据改变,分析水质和食品安全状况的改变趋势。通过对比分析蒙山长寿地区和槐荫区水质的差异,为解答两地60岁以上老年人心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病患病率差异提供参考依据,从而为改善人们的生活和生命水平提出借鉴价值。[研究方法]在济南市槐荫区选择多个供水点和食品采样点,参考国家标准方法《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB/T 5749-2006)、《食品安全国家标准》、《食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测技术手册》、《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》(GB 2760-2014)、《2015年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》、《2016年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》等规范性文件对相应的卫生指标进行检测。结合两地的60岁以上老年人心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病患病率,将其中的水质指标与从蒙山长寿地区采集的饮用水标本检测结果进行比较分析。[研究结果]水质检测微生物指标结果中,三年来大肠埃希氏菌的达标率一直是100%,总大肠菌群的达标率一直在升高;饮用水检测毒理学指标结果中,三年来硝酸盐指标的达标率存在较大波动,2014年的硝酸盐达标率率仅有57.5%,随后的两年内合格率虽有大幅度提高,但仍未达到100%,其余毒理学指标的合格率一直很稳定且较高;水质检测感官性状和一般化学指标结果中,三年来色度、浑浊度和总硬度这三个项目波动较明显,且无明显规律,其他项目的达标率均较高且稳定。食品化学污染物检测项目中,三年来肉类及其制品中铅和砷的合格率有较大波动,其中砷的波动最明显且无明显规律可循;三年来乳类及其制品中铅、镉、砷、汞等化学污染物指标合格率一直为100%,食品安全性较高;三年来鲜冻水产动物中铅、镉、砷、汞等化学污染物中铅的合格率一直很低,约为50%左右;三年来谷物及其制品中铅、镉、砷、汞等化学污染物中砷的合格率波动最明显且无规律可循。食品微生物指标检测中,四大类食品中的大肠菌群、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌的合格率均为100%,仅有菌落总数这一项指标的合格率存在波动且无规律可循。2014年蒙山长寿地区60岁以上老人的心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病患病率明显比槐荫区的上述数据低。与蒙山长寿地区的水质毒理学指标对比可见槐荫区居民饮用水中的砷、镉、铬、汞四项指标含量显著高于蒙山长寿地区的,硒含量显著低于蒙山长寿地区的硒水平;感官性状和一般化学指标对比结果中,槐荫区居民饮用水中的铁、铜、总硬度含量明显高于蒙山长寿地区,差异具有统计学意义。[研究结论]分析2014-2016年槐荫区水质和食品指标,总体合格率较高。分析其合格率趋势,发现无论是水质还是食品检测,其微生物学指标合格率一直较高且稳定;水质检测中硝酸盐含量合格率在逐年升高。食品检测项目中,乳类及其制品中铅、镉、砷、汞等化学污染物指标合格率一直为100%,食品安全性较高;鲜冻水产动物中铅的合格率一直很低,约为50%左右;其他存在波动的指标变化趋势未发现明显的规律,可能是由于追踪时间太短造成的;对比槐荫区和长寿之乡的水质报告,发现部分明显的指标区别,如砷、镉、铬、汞、硒、铁、铜、总硬度等,这或许是造成两地60岁以上居民心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病患病率差异的因素之一。
[Abstract]:Water is the Source of Life healthy adults, each water accounts for about sixty-five percent of body weight, and body of water in the process of all The new supersedes the old.. Therefore, human survival and development are inseparable from the boiling water. As the degree of economic development and an important manifestation of contemporary Chinese form the national quality of life, health and safety situation daily the drinking water of residents seriously affect our life level. Kang Jian "hunger breeds discontentment." food is human survival, it can directly or indirectly on the country's political, economic and cultural fields have an important impact. With the food safety problem in our country and around the world have emerged, the global focus of people's attention gradually concentrated to the public food safety, China's central and local governments have paid great attention to food safety problems. The water quality to explore the difference in longevity areas and non longevity area, can Unlock long passwords provide the necessary basis for health inspection of 2014-2016 years in Huaiyin District of Ji'nan city residents drinking water and food. Some indexes by research to understand, Huaiyin District of drinking water and food safety situation. Changed by three consecutive years of data, the change trend of water quality analysis and food safety situation. Through the comparative analysis the longevity of differences between regions and Huaiyin District water quality, for the elderly to answer the two above 60 years old cardiovascular disease, respiratory system disease, diabetes prevalence rate differences provide a reference basis, and puts forward the reference value. Research methods in Huaiyin District of Ji'nan City, select a number of water points and food sampling points to improve the people's life and life level according to national standards, "drinking water health standards (GB/T > 5749-2006) < >, the national food safety standards, chemical pollutants in food and harmful factors. Manual monitoring technology >, < standard > the use of national food safety standards of food additives (GB 2760-2014), <2015 national food contaminants and harmful factors in the risk monitoring work manual >, <2016 national food contaminants and harmful factors in the risk monitoring work manual "and other normative documents to detect the corresponding health indicators. Combining with the elderly over 60 years of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, the prevalence of diabetes, the results of the detection of water quality index and the longevity area collected from the drinking water were compared. Results] the water quality detection of microbial indexes in three years, the standard rate of Escherichia coli was 100%, the total coliform group the success rate has been increased; drinking water testing results of toxicological indicators in three years, the standard rate of the nitrate index significant fluctuation rate of nitrate in 2014 The rate of only 57.5%, then two years passing rate was greatly improved, but has not yet reached 100%, the qualified rate of other toxicological indicators has been very stable and high quality; detection of sensory traits and general chemical indicators results in three years, chroma, turbidity and total hardness of the three projects fluctuate obviously, and no clear rules and other items of the compliance rate were high and stable. Food chemical pollutant detection project in three years, the qualified rate of lead and arsenic in meat and meat products have greater volatility, the volatility of arsenic is most obvious and no obvious regularity; three years of milk and its products of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury index other chemical pollutants pass rate has been 100%, food safety is higher; three years of fresh frozen aquatic animal in the lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and other chemical pollutants in the qualified rate of lead has been very low, about 50%; three years of grain and its products of lead, cadmium, arsenic, The qualified rate of mercury and other chemical pollutants of arsenic in the most obvious fluctuation and no rules. Detection of microbiological criteria for foods, four kinds of food in Escherichia coli monocytogenes Lester bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, diarrheogenil Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the qualified rate of wax bacillus was 100%, the qualified rate of the index only the total number of colonies fluctuated irregularly and.2014 Mengshan longevity areas 60 years old cardiovascular disease, respiratory system disease, diabetes prevalence rate significantly higher than the data of Huaiyin District is low. And Mengshan longevity areas in the toxicological indicators of water quality comparison of residents the Huaiyin District of arsenic in drinking water, cadmium, chromium, mercury and four indexes were significantly higher than those in Mengshan longevity areas, selenium content was significantly lower than that of Mengshan longevity selenium area; sensory traits and general chemical indicators of Compared to the result, Huaiyin District residents drinking water of iron, copper, total hardness was significantly higher than that of Mengshan longevity, statistical significance. Conclusion on the analysis of 2014-2016 years of Huaiyin District water quality and food index difference is, the overall qualified rate is higher. The qualified rate of trend analysis, found that both water or food testing, the microbiological indicators qualified the rate has been high and stable rate increased year by year; the nitrate content of qualified water quality measurement. Food inspection project, milk and its products of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and other chemical pollutants indicators qualified rate was 100%, higher food safety; the qualified rate of fresh frozen aquatic animal lead has been very low, ca. about 50%; other volatility trend found no obvious rules, may be because the tracking time is too short due to water quality; Huaiyin District reported contrast and longevity of the report, found that some obvious Indicators, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, selenium, iron, copper and total hardness, may be one of the factors that cause the difference of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes prevalence between residents over 60 years old.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R123.1

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