制造业中疲劳因素对作业效能影响的测评研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 13:50

本文选题：疲劳　切入点：作业效能　出处：《中北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：制造业是衡量一个国家综合国力的重要标志，在国民经济增长中起到了发动机的作用。虽然我国制造业正逐步向实现自动化、智能化的方向发展，但在实际生产中仍存在着大量的人工作业，，整个生产过程始终不能脱离人的参与。自人因工程学“以人为本”的概念提出后，人的因素成为人-机-环境这一复杂生产系统中要考虑的核心要素。制造业中的劳动者作为一个群体，往往工作任务重、作业时间长、生活压力大，这就极易引起劳动者的疲劳感，使其出现记忆暂时下降、四肢酸痛和精神涣散等主观症状，客观上会造成操作失误增加、作业能力下降、数量和质量无法保证等后果。因此，疲劳作业是诱发制造业中生产效率低、事故频发的重要原因之一。正因为人的行为模式与劳动过程息息相关，劳动者的作业效能的优劣高低影响着企业的生死存亡，所以研究制造业中劳动者的疲劳问题是十分必要的，它有利于预防和减少安全事故的反生，有助于改善劳动者的身心状态，进而达到提高作业效能的目的。为验证疲劳状态对人体会产生负面影响，本文首先设计了作业疲劳中人体记忆广度的测定试验，试验结果表明疲劳感与人的记忆广度之间有负向作用，疲劳状态下的记忆广度位数和记忆广度值较正常状态而言分别降低了8.4%和8.0%；其次以河北省沧州市某大型制造业中的劳动者为调查对象，采用主观问卷调查的形式获取数据；分析出了四个潜在变量及各潜在变量的测量变量；应用SPSS统计软件与SEM(Structural EquationModeling)—结构方程模型，建立了疲劳因素对作业效能的模型，并获取到疲劳因素与作业效能的总作用效应以及各个变量之间影响的相关系数，得到了疲劳因素对作业效能作用的总效应为0.63，并且可通过生理和心理疲劳间接影响作业效能的结论。本研究所得结论对于了解制造业中能引起劳动者身心疲劳的因素、最大程度的预防和减少疲劳的发生，提高作业效能具有一定的参考价值，并从人、机、环境以及组织管理制度上分析了制造业中疲劳因素对作业效能的影响，提出了改进意见。
[Abstract]:The manufacturing industry is an important symbol of a country's comprehensive national strength and has played an important role as an engine in the growth of the national economy. Although the manufacturing industry in our country is gradually developing towards automation and intelligence, However, there are still a large number of manual operations in actual production, and the whole production process can not be separated from the participation of human beings all the time.After the concept of "people-oriented" in human factor engineering was put forward, The human factor has become the core element in the complex production system of human-machine-environment. As a group, the workers in the manufacturing industry often have heavy work tasks, long working hours, and heavy living pressure. This easily leads to the fatigue of the laborer, which causes the temporary decline in memory, pain in the limbs and insanity and other subjective symptoms. Objectively, it will result in the increase of operational errors, the decline in the ability to work, and the failure to guarantee the quantity and quality of work, and so on. Fatigue work is one of the important reasons to induce low production efficiency and frequent accidents in manufacturing industry. It is precisely because the human behavior pattern is closely related to the labor process that the working efficiency of the laborer affects the survival or death of the enterprise. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the fatigue problem of workers in manufacturing industry. It is helpful to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of safety accidents, to improve the physical and mental state of workers, and to achieve the purpose of improving the working efficiency. In order to verify the negative effect of fatigue state on human body, this paper first designed an experiment to measure the memory span of human body during work fatigue. The results show that there is a negative effect between fatigue feeling and memory span of human being. The number of memory span digits and memory span values in fatigue state were decreased by 8.4% and 8.0% respectively as compared with the normal state. Secondly, taking a large-scale manufacturing worker in Cangzhou City of Hebei Province as the survey object, the data were obtained by subjective questionnaire. The four potential variables and the measuring variables of each potential variable are analyzed, and the fatigue factor model for the work efficiency is established by using the SPSS statistical software and the SEM(Structural modeling model. The total effect of fatigue factor and work efficiency and the correlation coefficient between each variable were obtained. It is concluded that the total effect of fatigue factors on work efficacy is 0.63 and can be indirectly affected by physical and psychological fatigue. The conclusion of this study has certain reference value to understand the factors which can cause the laborer's physical and mental fatigue, to prevent and reduce the fatigue to the maximum extent, to improve the work efficiency, and from the human, the machine, The influence of fatigue factors on working efficiency in manufacturing industry is analyzed in terms of environment and organization management system, and suggestions for improvement are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R131

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