农村留守儿童心理复原力及其保护因素的研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 15:56

本文选题：农村留守儿童　切入点：心理复原力　出处：《华中科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的了解农村留守儿童心理复原力的特点，探讨影响留守儿童心理复原力发展的保护因素，为提升农村留守儿童心理复原力水平提供指导和依据，促进其身心的健康发展。方法采用现况调查方法，在麻城市随机抽取2个外出务工人员较多的乡镇为调查现场，然后在每个乡镇随机选择小学（仅6年级）、初中、高中各一所，以多阶段整群抽样的方法抽取10～18岁农村儿童。用自编一般情况问卷、青少年心理复原力量表、中国中小学生心理健康量表以及相关心理行为量表对目标人群进行调查，通过描述性分析、t检验、χ2检验了解留守儿童心理健康问题和复原力水平的状况，通过相关、回归分析寻找留守儿童心理复原力的保护因素，并通过结构方程模型探索其作用途径。结果共2000名学生参与调查，实际获得有效问卷1926份，有效回收率为96.3%。调查对象平均年龄14.26±2.28岁，年龄范围10～18岁。（1）基本情况描述：共1031名留守儿童，留守率为53.5%，其中61.4%的学生留守时间持续5年以上，，与家人的团聚频率主要为1～2年团聚一次。留守儿童的家庭外出务工人员以父亲为主，抚养人以母亲为主，文化程度主要集中在初中及以下学历。（2）留守儿童与非留守儿童的比较：①人口学特征：留守儿童家庭月收入普遍高于非留守儿童（P0.05），父亲的文化水平低于非留守儿童（P0.05），而在性别、年龄、年级以及独生与否的分布特征无显著性差异（P0.05）。②心理复原力特征：留守儿童的整体复原力水平高于非留守儿童，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。③心理健康问题：两组儿童总体心理健康水平及各症状因子间的差异均无统计学意义（P0.05）。（3）留守儿童心理健康水平的影响因素：农村留守儿童心理健康水平在各留守因素如外出打工人员、留守时间、抚养方式、联系频率、团聚频率上均存在显著性差异（P0.05）。留守时间越长，与父母联系或团聚的频率越低心理健康问题表现越严重。（4）复原力与心理健康水平的关系：高复原力水平组在心理健康的各症状因子上的得分均显著小于低复原力水平组（P0.05）。（5）复原力的保护因素：心理复原力水平对自尊、一般自我效能感、积极应对方式和社会支持均具有显著的预测作用。（6）心理复原力的作用途径：复原力的各保护因素均与心理复原力呈显著的正相关，与心理健康问题呈显著负相关，且各保护因素均通过心理复原力的中介作用对心理健康水平产生影响。结论农村留守儿童复原力水平高于非留守儿童，其心理健康水平在各种留守因素上存在显著性差异。自尊、一般自我效能感、社会支持和积极应对方式等因素均通过心理复原力的中介作用影响留守儿童心理健康水平。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the characteristics of psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas, to explore the protective factors affecting the development of psychological resilience of left-behind children, and to provide guidance and basis for improving the level of psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas. Methods two villages and towns with a large number of migrant workers were randomly selected for investigation in Maicheng, and then randomly selected primary schools (only grade 6, junior middle school, and high school) in each township to promote their physical and mental health development. Rural children aged 10 to 18 years old were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The target population was investigated by self-made general situation questionnaire, psychological recovery strength table of adolescents, mental health scale of Chinese primary and middle school students and related psychological behavior scale. Through descriptive analysis and 蠂 2 test, we found out the mental health problems and resilience level of left-behind children, and found the protective factors of psychological resilience of left-behind children by correlation and regression analysis. And through the structural equation model to explore its action path. Results A total of 2000 students participated in the investigation, 1926 valid questionnaires were obtained, the effective recovery rate was 96.33.The average age of the subjects was 14.26 卤2.28 years old, and the basic information description was: 1031 children left behind. The retention rate was 53.5, among which 61.4% of the students stayed for more than 5 years, and the frequency of reunions with their families was mainly from 1 to 2 years. Education level is mainly concentrated in junior high school and below. (2) A comparison between left-behind children and non-left-behind children: the monthly income of left-behind children is generally higher than that of non-left-behind children (P0.05), and the educational level of fathers is lower than that of non-left-behind children. There was no significant difference in the distribution characteristics of grade and only child. P0.05.2 psychological resilience: the overall resilience level of left-behind children was higher than that of non-left-behind children. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05): there was no significant difference in the overall mental health level and symptom factors between the two groups (P 0.05). (3) the influencing factors of mental health level of left-behind children: the mental health level of rural left-behind children in various factors such as migrant workers, stay time, rearing style, contact frequency, There were significant differences in the frequency of reunion (P 0.05). The longer the stay time was, the lower the frequency of contact or reunion with parents was, the more serious the mental health problem was. (4) the relationship between resilience and mental health level: the scores of each symptom factor of mental health in the high resilience group were significantly lower than those in the low resilience group (P 0.05). (5) the protective factors of resilience: the level of psychological resilience has a significant predictive effect on self-esteem, general self-efficacy, positive coping style and social support. (6) the functional pathway of resilience: the protective factors of resilience were positively correlated with mental resilience and negatively correlated with mental health problems. All protective factors have an effect on mental health through the mediating effect of psychological resilience. Conclusion the level of resilience of rural left-behind children is higher than that of non-left-behind children, and there are significant differences in their mental health level in various factors, such as self-esteem and general self-efficacy. Social support and positive coping style all influence the mental health level of left-behind children through the mediating role of psychological resilience.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179

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