重庆市铜梁县5岁以下儿童身高生长的追踪研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 02:01

本文选题：儿童　切入点：身高　出处：《重庆医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的研究重庆铜梁县5岁以下儿童身高发生“生长追赶”或“生长减速”和生长迟缓的状况以及影响2岁儿童生长迟缓的相关因素。研究对象和方法分别于2002年和2005年在重庆市铜梁县四所医院共募集300对健康妇女及其新生儿，并随访儿童身长（身高）情况。按纳入标准：（1）所有儿童均为单胎、足月儿，出生时排除影响体格生长的疾病。（2）所有随访阶段中（出生、1.5岁、2岁、2.5岁、3.5岁、4.5岁、5岁）至少有两次随访时间是连续的。（3）排除生长过程中出现各种慢性疾病者。（4）排除持续长期使用免疫调节剂或激素的儿童。由专业人员使用标准仪器测定新生儿体重、身长、母亲身高和孕前体重及随访期儿童身长（身高）。分析身高生长状况依据标准：参照2005年中国九市郊区7岁以下儿童体格发育调查研究指标。追赶生长和生长减速定义为身长（身高）百分位值较前次年龄段百分位值上抬或下跨≥一条主百分位线。生长迟缓定义：以世界卫生组织（WHO）0-6岁儿童年龄别身高标准为参考值，计算儿童的年龄别身高z评分(HAZ)。HAZ=(身高实测值一标准参照人群身高中位数)／标准儿童群体该年龄组身高的标准差；HAZ-2判断为生长迟缓。统计分析采用SPSSl7．0软件，一般资料结果中计量数据以均数加减标准差表示，计数资料以百分比表示，T检验分析不同群体不同年份组儿童身高差异，用卡方检验单因素分析各影响因素与生长迟缓率的关系，运用非条件Logistic回归模型，分析2岁儿童生长迟缓的影响因素：性别、出身体重、母亲身高、母孕前BMI值。结果（1）本研究中所有年龄段儿童身高均值较2005年全国九市平均标准低（除外出生身长），有统计学意义（P0.05），05年组儿童身高较02年组在2.5岁时有显著差异（P0.05）；（2）儿童从出生到5岁之间，，生长减速和追赶生长所占比例逐渐减少；（3）各年龄段女性儿童均较男性儿童的生长迟缓率高，总体生长迟缓率在2.5岁时为最高11.9%；（4）儿童性别、出生体重、母亲身高、母亲孕前BMI对2岁儿童身高均有显著影响。母亲身高是儿童身高的重要影响因素。结论（1）本研究追踪的儿童群体身高生长状态不及全国平均水平（出生身长除外）；（2）5岁以下儿童容易发生身高百分位线改变，但随年龄增加逐渐趋于稳定；（3）5岁以下女童较男童更易发生生长迟缓；（4）生长迟缓是多因素共同作用的结果，作为遗传因素的母亲身高是2岁儿童生长迟缓的重要影响因素。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the status of growth arrest or growth retardation and growth retardation in children under 5 years old in Tongliang County of Chongqing, and the related factors that affect the growth retardation of children aged 2 years.
The research object and methods respectively in 2002 and 2005 four in Tongliang County of Chongqing city hospital to raise a total of 300 healthy women and their newborn children, and follow-up length (height). According to the inclusion criteria: (1) all the children were single birth, full-term infants, excluding the body lattice growth of the disease at birth. (2 all of the follow-up period (birth), 1.5 years old, 2 years old, 2.5 years old, 3.5 years old, 4.5 years old, 5 years old) at least two times follow-up time is continuous. (3) to exclude various chronic diseases appear in the growth process. (4) continue to exclude immunomodulators or long-term use of hormones by children. Professional use of standard measuring instrument for birth weight, length, height and body weight before pregnancy mother and follow-up period of children's height (height). Height growth analysis according to the standard reference frame: children under the age of 7 in 2005 nine China suburb Development Research on the index of catch-up growth and growth slowdown. Is defined as the length (height) percentile than previous age percentile up or cross over a percentile line. Growth retardation is defined by the WHO (WHO) age 0-6 years old children don't height standard for reference, calculate children's height for age Z score (HAZ.HAZ=) (a standard reference population median height height measured value) / standard groups of children in this age group is the standard deviation; HAZ-2 judgment for growth retardation. Statistical analysis by SPSSl7.0 software, the general data measurement data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, count data expressed as a percentage of different populations in different years were the height of children the difference T test, single factor analysis of the relationship between the factors and the rate of growth retardation by chi square test, using non conditional Logistic regression model analysis of the factors affecting the growth retardation of children under age 2: gender, birth weight, mother Height, BMI value before pregnancy.
Results (1) in this study, children of all ages to mean height compared to 2005 nine national average standard (except for low birth length), there was statistical significance (P0.05), 05 groups have significant differences in the height of children at the age of 2.5 years compared with 02 group (P0.05); (2) children from birth to 5 years old the growth slowdown and catch up, accounts for the proportion of growth gradually reduced; (3) women of all ages of children were lower than male children's growth retardation rate is high, the overall rate of growth retardation at the age of 2.5 was the highest of 11.9%; (4) the child's sex, birth weight, maternal height, maternal pre pregnancy BMI had significant influence on the height of children 2 the age of the mother. Height is an important factor affecting children's height.
Conclusion (1) the study tracked children height growth of less than the national average (excluding birth length); (2) children under the age of 5 to height percentile line change, but with the increase of age tends to be stable; (3) under the age of 5 girls than boys more susceptible to growth retardation (; 4) growth retardation is the result of multiple factors, genetic factors as mother height is an important factor influencing the growth retardation of children aged 2.

【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R179

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