河北省吸毒人群感染艾滋病相关高危行为分析

发布时间：2018-04-09 14:33

本文选题：艾滋病　切入点：吸毒人群　出处：《河北医科大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:对吸毒人员进行艾滋病防治监控是阻止艾滋病在人群中蔓延的一个措施，也是防治艾滋病工作的一个重要组成部分。本研究在河北省强制戒毒所内进行，通过对河北省强制戒毒所内新入所戒毒人员的问卷，开展AIDS/HIV感染相关行为的现状评估，了解使用传统毒品与新型毒品的吸毒人群中普遍存在的高危行为，以加强对吸毒人群的监测、宣传教育，并为有效开展吸毒人群的行为干预提供科学的数据，从而达到及时有效地控制HIV在该人群和向其他人群传播的目的。方法:本研究采用问卷调查以及小组讨论两种调查方式。调查的对象为17-50岁之间的戒毒所新入所戒毒人员。采用封闭式和开放式相结合的调查问卷，从社会人口学特征、艾滋病知晓率、对艾滋病传播途径相关的问题等方面进行了调查。通过对戒毒所内医护人员的培训，协助项目小组人员进行问卷发放与回收。然后对收集的问卷归纳、整理、总结，，建立数据库进行资料录入，结果采用Microsoft Excel进行数据录入，使用SPSSl3.0软件进行统计分析，运用Logistic回归对相关因素进行多因素回归分析。本研究通过对戒毒人员的小组讨论，分析他们对毒品以及对艾滋病的认识。结果： 1本次调查的400名吸毒人员以青壮年为主，平均年龄29.48±6.994岁，初中及以下文化程度占74.25%，无业与自由职业者占92.25%；来自农村和县城的吸毒者占所有戒毒人员的88.5%。初次接触毒品的平均年龄25.4岁，使用传统毒品人员的比例占60.00％，与别人共用注射器具占40.00％，注射频率多数在2次／天左右；注射器具主要来源于药房，每次都清洗者只占少数，多用凉水清洗；使用新型毒品的人员的比例占40.00%，有70.00%以上的人与朋友经常一起吸毒。11.50％戒毒者患有梅毒，32.75％有商业性性行为在这些有商业性行为的人中，每次都使用安全套者比例为48.09％。 2吸毒人员总体知识知晓率为83.5%。在“只与一个性伴发生性行为可以减少艾滋病的传播吗”和“从外表能不能看出一个人感染了艾滋病病毒”的回答正确率均在82.00%左右。艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务知晓及利用情况：20.00%的戒毒者接受过安全套发放或者艾滋病咨询与检测，23.00%的人在一年内做过艾滋病检测。调查者中7.50%的人听说过美沙酮替代治疗；5.50%的人知道所在城市里美沙酮替代疗法的治疗点；但没有人接受或者听说针具交换。结论： 1通过问卷调查，吸毒者中存在年龄低龄化，文化水平程度低的特点，多来自县及县以下地区。在吸毒人群中艾滋病防治的关键除加强对高危人员的干预外，应尽可能将健康教育工作前移，在早期对青少年进行吸毒危害及预防性病、艾滋病教育。同时在各县市流动人口较多的地点开展有关毒品危害和艾滋病危害的宣传教育。 2吸毒人群中，传统毒品使用者与他人共用注射器吸食毒品的比率较高。新型毒品使用者中，多性伴，卖淫嫖娼等导致的不安全性行为较为普遍。由于吸毒人员戒毒后复吸率高，而导致感染艾滋病的各种高危因素依然存在，因此在吸毒人员中应提高对美沙酮维持治疗和针具交换的认知度和可接受度，来降低吸毒人员毒品的使用次数和共针次数；同时推广安全套的使用等行为干预，达到控制艾滋病在吸毒人员中传播的目的，并降低艾滋病由吸毒人群向一般人群传播几率。
[Abstract]:Objective : To carry out AIDS prevention and control for drug addicts , which is an important part of preventing AIDS from spreading among the population , and is an important part of AIDS prevention work . The present study evaluates the prevalence of AIDS / HIV infection among drug addicts in Hebei Province through the questionnaire of drug addicts newly enrolled in Hebei Province . It also provides scientific data for the effective intervention of drug users in drug users , so as to achieve the goal of timely and effective control of HIV transmission in the population and other people .

Methods : A questionnaire survey and group discussion were used to investigate the drug addicts between 17 and 50 years old .

This study analyzes their awareness of drugs and AIDS through group discussions on drug addicts .

Results :

The average age of 400 drug users in the survey was 29.48 卤 6.994 years old , the junior high school and the following cultural degrees accounted for 74.25 % , and the unemployed and free professions accounted for 92.25 % ;
The average age of initial exposure to drugs was 25.4 years , and the proportion of traditional drug users accounted for 60.00 % .
The injector mainly comes from the pharmacy , and only a small part of the cleaning person is washed every time , and is washed with cold water ;
The proportion of people who use new drugs accounted for 40.00 % , and more than 70.00 % of people often used drugs with friends . 11 . 50 % of drug addicts had syphilis , 32.75 % had commercial sexual behavior in these commercial sexual behaviors , using condom at 48.09 % each time .

The overall knowledge awareness rate of drug users was 83.5 % . The correct rate of response to HIV infection was 82.00 % in the " only sexual intercourse with one sex partner " and " the appearance can not see that one person infected with AIDS virus " . The AIDS voluntary counseling and detection service knew and utilized the situation : 20 . 00 % of the drug addicts had received condom distribution or AIDS counseling and testing , 23.00 % had done AIDS testing within one year . 7.50 % of the respondents had heard of the replacement therapy of Methandione ;
5.50 % of the people know the point of treatment for the replacement therapy of mesmerone in the city ;
but no one accepts or hears the needle exchange .

Conclusion :

In addition to strengthening the intervention of high - risk persons , the key to the prevention and control of AIDS in drug users is to promote health education as far as possible to prevent and prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS education at the early stage .

In the drug users , the rate of drug addiction is higher in the traditional drug users . In the new drug users , the non - safety behaviors caused by the multi - sex partner and the prostitution of prostitution are more common . As the drug addicts have high relapse rate after drug withdrawal , various high - risk factors which lead to the infection of AIDS still exist , so the cognitive and acceptability of the treatment and needle exchange should be improved in drug users , so as to reduce the number of times of drug use and the number of stitches of drug users ;
Meanwhile , the use of condom is promoted , so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the spread of AIDS in drug users , and reduce the probability of transmission of AIDS from drug users to the general population .

【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R163;R512.91

【参考文献】