2004年-2009年大连市小学生身体形态生长发育的动态研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 15:17

本文选题：生长发育　切入点：身体形态　出处：《大连医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：儿童青少年是祖国的未来与希望。生长发育是儿童青少年期的基本生命现象，其生长发育状况与成年后的健康密切相关。监测和评价儿童青少年的生长发育状况，对于健康者，生长发育状况可反映其目前所达到的生长水平及发育潜力，对于患病儿童，有助于早期发现疾病，并及时对症治疗。儿童青少年的肥胖问题已成为全国乃至世界性的公共卫生问题。随着生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变，我国青少年肥胖问题日趋严重，它不仅危害着青少年的健康成长，也是成年期肥胖、高血压、心血管疾病和糖尿病等多种疾病的重要危险因素。肥胖对儿童青少年的生理和心理均造成较大影响。因此儿童青少年的肥胖问题必须引起足够的关注。通过追踪研究大连市7-12岁小学生的身高、体重、胸围3个形态指标及衍生指标BMI和维尔维克指数，分析大连市儿童青少年的身体形态的生长发育变化规律，根据“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数（BMI）分类标准”评价超重与肥胖，分析大连市儿童青少年超重与肥胖率的变化趋势。为制定营养状况评价标准、学校体育卫生决策及保健措施提供依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样方法从大连市4个区(中山区、西岗区、沙河口区、甘井子区)148所小学抽取基础样本。以区作为层，学校作为群。先从4个区中随机抽取2个区（中山区、沙河口区），再根据2003年各学校招生规模，从这2个区中共抽取11所学校，最后11所学校中1059名2003年入学的小学生进入本次研究。从样本中剔除有生长发育缺陷疾病的小学生、父母非中国人的小学生、出生日期不在1996.6.1-1997.5.31年间的小学生,最终934名学生进入研究。出生日期由入学登记获得。精确到小数的年龄由测量日期减去出生日期得出。测量身高、体重、胸围3个形态指标，并计算衍生指标BMI和维尔维克指数，共5个指标作为分析变量。采用双因素多水平重复测量方差分析法分析男、女生6年间身高、体重、胸围、BMI及维尔维克指数等形态指标的动态变化，采用卡方检验分析超重与肥胖率的动态变化趋势。使用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果：男、女生的身高、体重、胸围随年龄增加呈现不同幅度的增长趋势。7-12岁间，11-12岁男生身高、体重生长速度最大；10-11岁女生身高、体重生长速度处于较高水平，身高与体重的生长速度具有一致性。9岁起，女生胸围的年增长量大于男生。男生在9-10岁时，维尔维克指数的年生长速度最大，而女生在11-12时，维尔维克指数的生长速度最大。肥胖率与超重率，男生始终高于女生。男生的超重与肥胖比例与7岁相比，每年均有增加；从逐年变化看，7-10岁呈增加趋势，9-10岁变化幅度最大，10岁与11岁相比无变化，12岁相对11岁，比例下降。女生只有在9岁与7岁相比超重肥胖比例增大，其余年龄段的变化无统计学意义。大连市7-12岁城市儿童青少年的超重与肥胖率高于全国平均水平。结论：大连市7-12岁的儿童青少年各形态指标随着年龄的增加呈现增长趋势，生长发育从整体上还处于快速增长阶段。身高、体重、胸围、BMI和维尔维克指数均存在“性别差异”。总的来说，男生的生长发育水平大于女生。男女各指标的生长速度不同，男生与女生的变化曲线均出现过交叉。从各指标的生长速度看，男生的身高生长高峰期在研究期内无法确定，女生的身高生长高峰期在10-11岁；男女生的体重在研究期内生长速度均随年龄的增加呈加快趋势；男生在9-10岁胸围生长速度最快，女生在10-11岁生长速度最快。我们可以根据指标的快速生长高峰期采取一定的干预措施，保证儿童青少年的健康成长。大连市儿童青少年的超重与肥胖率依然处于增加的趋势，且高于国家的平均水平，男生在10岁前，，女生在9岁前（特别是肥胖的危险期8-9岁）采取一定的有效、可行的干预措施控制体重预防肥胖具有重大意义。注意饮食平衡，加强体育锻炼，增加健康知识，提高健康意识，社会、家长或监护人以及儿童青少年共同努力，以保证儿童青少年的健康成长。
[Abstract]:Objective: children and adolescents are the future and hope of the motherland. The growth and development of children and adolescents is the basic life phenomenon, its status and adult growth after health are closely related. The growth and development status of monitoring and evaluation of children and adolescents, for health, growth and development can reflect the present the growth level and the development potential. For sick children, contribute to the early detection of the disease, and timely symptomatic treatment.
The problem of obesity in children and adolescents has become a public health problem in the country and the world. With the improvement of living standards and the change of life style, Chinese adolescent obesity is becoming a serious problem, it not only harms the health of teenagers, but also adult obesity, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes is an important risk factor for many diseases obesity. Children's physiological and psychological impact. Therefore obesity in children and adolescents should be paid enough attention.
By tracking of primary school pupils in Dalian city at age 7-12 in height, weight, chest circumference 3 morphological indexes and derivative index BMI and Weil Vic index, analysis of the growth and development of children and adolescents in Dalian city and the change of body shape, according to the "China school-age children and adolescents are overweight, obesity, body mass index (BMI) for screening overweight and obesity classification standards" evaluation, analysis the change trend of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in Dalian. For the establishment of evaluation standard of nutritional status, provide the basis for the school sports health policy and health care measures.
Methods: from the 4 District of Dalian city by stratified cluster sampling method (Zhongshan District, Xigang District, Shahekou District, Ganjingzi District) 148 primary school. In areas as the basis of sample extraction, as the school group. The 2 area were randomly selected from 4 district (Shahekou District Zhongshan District), and then according to the 2003 school enrollment, from these 2 areas were selected from the 11 schools, on the 1059 2003 enrolled students entered the final in 11 schools.
From the sample to eliminate defective disease growth of pupils, parents Chinese pupils, date of birth is not in the 1996.6.1-1997.5.31 years of primary school students, 934 students entered the study. The final birth date obtained by enrollment. Accurate to the decimal age by measuring date minus the date of birth. The measurement of height, weight, chest circumference 3 forms the index, and calculate the derivative index BMI and weierweike index, a total of 5 indicators as analysis variables.
The dynamic changes of body height, body weight, chest circumference, BMI and Weil Vic index were analyzed by double factor, multi level repeated measurement analysis of variance. Chi square test was used to analyze the dynamic trend of overweight and obesity rate. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS13.0. 6
Results: male, female height, body weight, chest circumference increased with age showed a different growth trend between.7-12 years old, 11-12 years old boy height, weight growth rate; 10-11 year old girls' height, weight growth rate at a high level, the growth rate of height and weight with the annual growth rate of.9 years old, girls the chest is greater than boys. Boys at the age of 9-10, weierweike index annual growth rate is the highest, while girls in 11-12, the growth rate of weierweike index is the largest.
The rate of obesity and overweight, boys always higher than girls. Boys are overweight and obesity ratio compared with the 7 years old, every year has increased from year to year changes; at the age of 7-10, increased 9-10, the maximum variation, at the age of 10 and 11 compared with no change, 12 years old at the age of 11. The relative decline in the proportion of girls only in. The 9 year old and 7 year old compared to increase the proportion of overweight and obesity, changes in the other age groups had no statistical significance. The overweight and obese adolescent children aged 7-12 in Dalian city was higher than the national average.
Conclusion: the 7-12 year old children and adolescents in Dalian city with the morphological index growth trend increasing age, growth and development as a whole is still in the stage of rapid growth. The height, weight, chest circumference, BMI index and Weil Vic are "gender differences". In general, the growth level of boys than girls.
The growth rate of each index of men and women are different curves of boys and girls have had cross. From the growth rate of each index, height growth peak boys cannot be determined during the study period, female height growth peak at the age of 10-11; the weight of male and female students in the study period, the growth rate increased as age increases. To accelerate the trend; the boys grew fastest at the age of 9-10 girls in the 10-11 year old bust, the fastest growth rate. We can take some intervention measures according to the rapid growth of the peak index, to ensure the healthy development of children and adolescents.
Overweight and obese children and adolescents in Dalian city the rate is still increasing, and higher than the national average, the boys at the age of 10, girls under the age of 9 (especially dangerous period obese 8-9 year old) to take some effective measures and feasible intervention for weight control obesity prevention is of great significance. A balanced diet, strengthen physical exercise, increase health knowledge, improve health consciousness, society, parents or guardians and children together, in order to ensure the healthy development of children and adolescents.

【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R179

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