南昌市部分公共场所和工作场所二手烟暴露现况研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:51

本文选题：公共场所 + 工作场所　；参考：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景：烟草使用已成为当今世界最严重的公共卫生卫生问题之一，是人类健康所面临的最大可预防的危险因素之一。世界控烟运动已取得重大进步，2005年2月27日《烟草控制框架公约》（以下简称《公约》）正式生效，这是第一个具有法律效应的公共卫生条约。我国于2003年11月10日签署《公约》，并于2006年1月9日在我国正式生效。《公约》的签署为我国控烟工作带来了机遇和挑战。目前，我国公共场所二手烟暴露现象仍然普遍，二手烟对人体健康的危害也逐渐被揭露，对被动吸烟造成的危害日益引起人们的关注。大量科学证据表明，二手烟不存在所谓的“安全暴露”水平，无论是单独或是同时使用通风系统和过滤措施，都不能将室内的烟草烟雾浓度降低至可接受的程度，只有完全无烟才能真正有效地保护非吸烟者的健康。全国各城市均在积极开展公共场所控烟工作，，南昌市作为江西省省会城市，于1995年颁布实施《南昌市公共场所禁止吸烟暂行规定》，但有关南昌市公共场所室内二手烟暴露现况的研究报道甚少。2011年“第七届全国城市运动会”在南昌市胜利举行，为本研究提供了契机。研究目标：开展南昌市公共场所室内二手烟暴露现况的调查分析，全面评价南昌市公共场所被动吸烟现状，为南昌市控烟立法提供理论依据，探索公共场所实施全面禁烟的可行性，为今后的控烟研究提供参考借鉴。研究方法：对南昌市医院、学校采用分层随机抽样方法，政府机构、疾控机构和公共交通场所通过方便抽样方法选取。通过对这101家场所进行现场观察，并对这些场所的1870名员工和来访者进行问卷调查，了解员工工作期间的被动吸烟情况；再对南昌市市区63家公共场所，采用AM510个人型气溶胶监测仪对市区场所室内细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度进行监测，并观察记录监测时室内人数、正在吸烟人数和空间大小，评估南昌市公共场所的环境烟草烟雾污染情况。研究结果： 1、现场观察发现，101家场所只有16家（15.8%）完全禁烟，21家（20.8%）有禁烟标志，19家（18.8%）机构有控烟宣传栏。有37.1%的非吸烟者在工作场所遭受二手烟的危害，不同类型的工作场所二手烟暴露率有所差别，差异存在统计学意义（2=25.21，P0.001），疾控机构二手烟暴露率最低为15.7%。 2、市区63家公共场所室内PM2.5浓度的平均值为70.26μg/m~3，室外PM2.5浓度的平均值为52.30μg/m~3，室内PM2.5平均浓度比室外高34.3%。其中医院和公共交通场所室内PM2.5浓度分别为96.19μg/m~3、122.98μg/m~3，均显著高于其他三类公共场所（P0.05）。公共场所室内PM2.5浓度与室内吸烟者密度、室外PM2.5浓度均呈显著的正相关关系。结论： 1、目前南昌市公共场所二手烟暴露情况依然十分严峻，尤其是医院、公共交通场所等公众出入较多的场所二手烟暴露较为严重，而且这些场所工作人员二手烟暴露率高于其他类型场所。 2、公共场所员工对实施公共场所完全无烟支持性较高，亟待推出室内公共场所无烟立法。
[Abstract]:Background of Study :

The use of tobacco has become one of the most serious public health problems in the world today . It is one of the most preventable risk factors for human health . It is the first public health treaty with legal effect .

Study Objectives :

Based on the investigation and analysis of the present situation of second - hand smoke exposure in the public places of Nanchang City , the present situation of passive smoking in Nanchang city is comprehensively evaluated , the theoretical basis for the control of tobacco in Nanchang city is provided , the feasibility of implementing comprehensive anti - smoking in public places is explored , and the reference for future research on tobacco control is provided .

Study method :

In Nanchang city hospital , the stratified random sampling method , government organization , disease control institution and public transport place were selected by means of convenient sampling method . Through field observation of the 101 places , 1870 employees and visitors in these places were investigated to understand the passive smoking situation during the work of employees ;
An AM510 personal aerosol monitor was used to monitor the concentration of fine particulate matter ( PM 2.5 ) in the urban area of 63 public places in Nanchang City .

Results of the study :

1 . On - site observation found that only 16 ( 15.8 % ) of 101 establishments were completely free of smoke , 21 ( 20.8 % ) had anti - smoking signs , 19 ( 18.8 % ) had smoke control propaganda .

2 . The average concentration of PM2 . 5 in 63 public places in urban areas was 70.26 渭g / m ~ 3 , the mean value of outdoor PM 2.5 was 52.30 渭g / m ~ 3 , the average indoor PM 2.5 concentration was higher than that of the other three kinds of public places ( P0.05 ) . The indoor PM 2.5 concentration in public places was significantly higher than that of other three kinds of public places ( P0.05 ) .

Conclusion :

1 . The exposure of second - hand smoke in public places in Nanchang is still very serious , especially in hospitals , public transport places and other places where the second - hand smoke exposure is serious , and the second - hand smoke exposure rate of workers in these places is higher than that of other types of places .

2 . Employees of public places have high supporting ability in the implementation of public places , and it is urgent to introduce non - smoking legislation in indoor public places .

【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R126.4

【参考文献】