广东某品牌凉茶食用状况及食用安全性的流行病学研究
发布时间:2018-04-18 04:18
本文选题:广东凉茶 + 食用状况 ; 参考:《暨南大学》2013年硕士论文
【摘要】:近年来凉茶市场的发展非常之迅速,2010年凉茶全球销量已超过可口可乐,这对凉茶的食用安全性提出了更高的要求。第一、二、三阶段毒理学安全性评价试验结果表明,相关广东凉茶为无毒类物质,无急性毒性、亚慢性毒性、致突变性及致畸性。自清道光八年(1828年)始创至今,广东凉茶已有180多年的大样本人群饮用史。迄今这些证据显示广东凉茶的食用是安全的。目前尚缺乏针对凉茶食用安全性的系统科学的人群流行病学研究。在国家“863计划”项目支持下,本研究拟对广东某代表性品牌凉茶的食用状况和食用安全性进行横断面研究和实验流行病学研究,以进一步提供凉茶食用安全性的人群证据。 研究目的 1.通过横断面研究,了解广东居民的凉茶食用状况; 2.通过横断面研究和实验流行病学研究,证实广东凉茶的食用安全性。研究对象与方法 1.研究方法 本研究采用横断面研究和实验流行病学研究相结合的研究方法,其中横断面研究采用社区问卷调查收集信息,实验流行病学研究则通过研究对象连续8周每日定量饮用1支某品牌凉茶的人体试食试验获取相关信息。 2.研究对象 2.1横断面研究:广州市和肇庆市某一社区在当地居住5年及以上的12~60岁居民,同时排除患有重大精神疾病或智力障碍者。 2.2实验流行病学研究:体重指数为18~28且过去1年内未参加过类似试食试验的18~28岁的青少年,同时排除患有心血管系统、消化系统、泌尿系统等严重疾病患者。 3.研究内容 3.1横断面研究:人口学特征,如性别、年龄、文化程度等;某品牌凉茶食用状况,如饮用率、饮用年数、频率、习惯等;常见不适症状的发生情况,如口角糜烂、口腔溃疡、口干、口苦、口臭、鼻腔干燥、咽喉疼痛等呼吸道不适症状和大便干燥、便秘、腹痛腹泻、恶心呕吐、嗳气胃胀、胃痛等胃肠道不适症状,以及情绪急躁、心烦、多梦等情绪状况;常见慢性疾病的患病状况,如慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、慢性咽喉炎、恶性肿瘤、 糖尿病、高血压、冠心病等。3.2实验流行病学研究:实验前后体检指标,如身高、体重、血压、心率、心电图、腹部B超、胸片、血尿便三大常规、肝肾功等血生化指标;实验前后9种中医体质类型,如平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质、特禀质等9个类型;试验期间随访情况,如每日受试物食用情况、大小便情况、常见症状体征表现、精神心理感受等。 4.统计分析方法 调查资料使用Epidata3.1软件进行双人双录入,应用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。 研究结果 1.横断面研究 1.1基本情况:共发放2200份问卷,回收有效问卷2154份,有效回收率为97.9%;2154个调查对象中男性占44.4%,女性占55.6%,平均年龄为33.5±14.9岁。 1.2凉茶饮用状况:2154个调查对象的总凉茶饮用率为97.8%(2107/2154),某品牌凉茶的饮用率为80.5%(1735/2154),平均饮用年数为5.4±4.0年,85.6%的调查对象在过去一年平均每月饮用0~4支某品牌凉茶。 1.3凉茶饮用习惯:凉茶饮用者中在上火时饮用凉茶者占82.6%,在天气太热、口渴、感冒、咳嗽时饮用凉茶者占29.9%~46.0%;主要在夏季饮用凉茶,以中下午或饭后饮用较为常见,饮用的凉茶以常温凉茶为主。 1.4饮用凉茶与身体状况的关联:各种慢性疾病的患者与正常人之间的某品牌凉茶饮用率均无统计学差异;恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻、嗳气胃胀、胃痛等胃肠道症状的患者与正常者之间的饮用率无统计学差异;出现口渴多饮、口角起泡糜烂、脸上长痤疮或加重、小便黄或浑浊、大便干燥等症状者的饮用率高于相应正常者(P值均小于0.05)。 2.实验流行病学研究 2.1试验期间(8周)未出现脱失情况,实验组80人与对照组81人的性别、年龄、体重指数等一般情况均衡,两组具有可比性。 2.2试验前后两组受试者的血压、心率、心电图、腹部B超、胸片、血尿便三大常规、肝肾功、血脂分型等血生化指标均正常或综合诊断为无临床意义,且两组间各体检指标的异常率无统计学差异(P值均大于0.05)。 2.3试食前两组受试者中平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质、特禀质等9种体质的人数比例及试验后两组受试者中除气虚质外的其他8种中医体质的人数比例均无统计学差异(P值均大于0.05),试验后两组间气虚质的人数比例差异无实际意义。 2.4试验随访期间,27种呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统及情绪等方面的常见症状发生率在两组间的差异无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。 研究结论 1.大部分广东地区居民有长期饮用凉茶的习惯,且通常在上火时会饮用凉茶。 2.长期饮用凉茶对人体消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统等方面均无不良影响。 3.短期内较高频率饮用凉茶对人体消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、心血管系统及情绪等方面均无明显影响,,对人体中医体质类型的改变也无影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the development of herbal tea market has been very rapid . In 2010 , the global sales volume of herbal tea has exceeded Coca - Cola . The results show that Guangdong herbal tea is safe and has no toxicity , acute toxicity , sub - chronic toxicity , mutagenicity and Teratogenicity .
Purpose of study
1 . To study the edible condition of herbal tea in Guangdong residents through cross - sectional study .
2 . The edible safety of Guangdong herbal tea was confirmed by cross - sectional study and experimental epidemiology study .
1 . Research Methodology
In this study , a cross - sectional study and an experimental epidemiological study were used to collect information from the community questionnaire .
2 . Study Object
2.1 Cross - sectional study : A community in Guangzhou and Zhaoqing is resident in a local area of 12 - 60 years of age and above , while excluding persons with major mental illness or intellectual disabilities .
2.2 Experimental epidemiological studies : The body mass index was 18 - 28 and did not participate in the 18 - 28 - year - old adolescents who had not participated in similar test food tests in the past 1 year , while excluding patients with serious diseases such as cardiovascular system , digestive system , urinary system , etc .
3 . Content of the study
3.1 Cross - sectional study : demographic characteristics such as sex , age , degree of culture , etc . ;
The edible condition of a certain brand of herbal tea , such as drinking rate , years of drinking , frequency , habit , etc . ;
Common discomfort symptoms such as oral ulcer , oral ulcer , dry mouth , bitter taste , halitosis , nasal dryness , sore throat and other respiratory discomfort symptoms and stool dryness , constipation , abdominal pain diarrhea , nausea and vomiting , belching , stomach distention , stomach pain , etc . , and emotional conditions such as emotional distress , restlessness , multi - dream , and the like ;
Common chronic diseases , such as chronic gastritis , gastric ulcer , duodenal ulcer , chronic pharyngitis , malignant tumor ,
Diabetes , hypertension , coronary heart disease , etc . 3 . 2 experimental epidemiology study : the physical examination indexes before and after the experiment , such as height , body weight , blood pressure , heart rate , electrocardiogram , abdominal ultrasound , chest film , hematuria , etc . blood biochemical indexes ;
There are 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types before and after the experiment , such as peace and quality , qi deficiency , yang deficiency , yin deficiency , phlegm and dampness , damp - heat , blood stasis , qi stagnation , and intrinsic quality .
Follow - up conditions during the trial , such as daily test article consumption , stool condition , common symptoms and signs , mental psychological feeling , etc .
4 . Statistical Analysis Method
Two - person double entry was performed using Epidata3.1 software , and SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis .
Results of the study
1 . Cross - sectional study
1.1 Basic information : A total of 2200 questionnaires were issued , the effective questionnaires were collected 2154 , and the effective recovery rate was 97.9 % ;
Of the 2154 respondents , 44.4 % were males and 55.6 % females . The mean age was 33.5 卤 14.9 years .
1.2 The drinking rate of herbal tea was 97.8 % ( 2107 / 2154 ) . The drinking rate of some brand herbal tea was 80.5 % ( 1735 / 2154 ) . The average age of drinking was 5.4 卤 4.0 years .
1.3 The drinking habit of herbal tea : the cold tea drinkers accounted for 82.6 % of the cold tea drinkers in the cold tea drinkers . The cold tea drinkers accounted for 29 . 9 % 锝
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