母乳中重要营养素和生物活性因子及小分子代谢物研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 10:26

  本文选题：母乳 + 营养素　； 参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：母乳被誉为白色血液,含有丰富的营养素及生物活性物质,对于婴儿的早期成长具有十分重要的意义。中国尚没有大样本系统地研究母乳中组成成分的文章。本课题旨在研究不同哺乳期的母乳中(初乳、过渡乳及成熟乳)的主要营养素及生物活性因子的含量组成,结合膳食数据研究哺乳期母亲膳食摄入对母乳中营养组成的影响。借助代谢组学技术,探究不同哺乳期乳汁中的代谢物的差异。母乳样本来源于中国的三个典型城市,杭州(沿海地区),北京(中部地区)以及兰州(内陆地区),分别在每个区域征集产妇100名,取母乳样本共300个。随着哺乳期的变化,乳糖含量、维生素B1,B2以及B6呈现上升趋势,而总蛋白、α-乳白蛋白、α-生育酚、视黄醇、牛磺酸、肉碱、乙酰肉碱以及生长因子EGF的含量呈现下降趋势。β-酪蛋白以及维生素B3、B5的含量在过渡乳中含量最高,而胆碱的含量在过渡乳中含量最低。脂肪酸中,长链n-6PUFA,包括C20:2n-6、C20:3n-6、C20:4n-6、C22:2n-6 以及 C22:5n-6 组成比例不断降低,而 C18:2n-6 以及C18:3n-6并没有显著变化。相类似,n-3PUFA,包括C22:6n-3、C20:5n-3以及C22:5n-3在初乳中最高,而C18:3n-3却在初乳中最低。氨基酸含量随着哺乳期的变化逐渐下降。母乳中的乳糖含量和母亲在哺乳期间的乳制品摄入量存在显著负相关关系,哺乳期内蛋白质的摄入能够提高母乳中的α-乳白蛋白以及β-酪蛋白的表达水平。本研究依托UPLC-QTOF-MS技术,对母乳不同哺乳期乳汁中的代谢物进行了代谢组学研究。根据Loading图结果以及VIP10的标准,排除了部分背景离子后,筛选出 16 个差异代谢物:MG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/0:0/0:0),9-peroxy-5Z,7E,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoate,capsiamide,octadecanamide,lysyl-Alanine,thromboxane A2,dihydroretrofractamide B,1,3-Diacetoxy-4,-6,12-tetradecatriene-8,10-diyne,oleamide,2,4,14-Eicosatrienoic acid isobutylamide,(±)11(12)-EET Ethanolamide,Valyl-Lysine,Palmitic amide,12,15-epoxy-13-methyleicosa-12,14-dienoic acid,8(R)-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid,alpha-Linolenoyl ethanolamide。主要是氨基酸以及脂肪酸的衍生物及酰胺类物质。实验发现,相比于过渡乳以及成熟乳,筛选出的16种物质均在初乳中含量最低。
[Abstract]:Breast milk, known as white blood, is rich in nutrients and bioactive substances, which is of great significance to the early growth of infants. There is no large sample of systematic studies on the composition of breast milk in China. The aim of this study was to study the contents of main nutrients and bioactive factors in breast milk (colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk) in different lactation periods, and to study the effect of dietary intake on the nutritional composition of breast milk by combining dietary data. By means of metabonomics, the differences of metabolites in milk during different lactation periods were explored. Breast milk samples were collected from three typical cities in China, Hangzhou (coastal area), Beijing (central region) and Lanzhou (inland area). Lactose content, vitamin B _ 1, B _ 2 and B _ 6 increased with lactation, while total protein, 伪 -lactocin, 伪 -tocopherol, retinol, taurine, carnitine, The contents of acetyl carnitine and growth factor EGF showed a downward trend. The contents of 尾 -casein and vitamin B _ 3N _ 5 were the highest in the transition milk, but the content of choline was the lowest in the transition milk. In fatty acids, the proportion of long chain n-6 PUFAs, including C20: 2n-6C20: 3n-6, C20: 4n-6, C22: 2n-6, and the proportion of C22:5n-6 components decreased, but C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-6 did not change significantly. Similar to n-3 PUFAA, C22: 6n-3C20: 5n-3 and C22:5n-3 were the highest in colostrum, while C18:3n-3 was the lowest in colostrum. The content of amino acids decreased with lactation. There was a significant negative correlation between lactose content in breast milk and milk intake during lactation. Protein intake during lactation could increase the expression of 伪 -lactoalbumin and 尾 -casein in breast milk. Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS technique, metabolites in breast milk during different lactation periods were studied in this study. 鏍规嵁Loading鍥剧粨鏋滀互鍙奦IP10鐨勬爣鍑，

本文编号：1796256