泰安市300户农村家庭环境卫生调查

发布时间：2018-05-02 08:20

本文选题：农村 + 家庭环境卫生　；参考：《现代预防医学》2017年22期

【摘要】：目的了解泰安市农村家庭环境卫生状况,掌握农村家庭环境卫生健康危害因素,为政府制定改善农村环境卫生的政策措施提供科学依据。方法随机抽取3个县,每个县随机选择5个乡镇,每个乡镇随机选择4个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点随机选择5户家庭,共计300户家庭作为调查对象。结果泰安市农村家庭主要收入来源以农业和外出务工为主(分别占57.0%和27.0%);家里使用的主要燃料以电和柴为主(分别占47.7%和27.0%);家庭集中式供水覆盖率85.7%;饮水习惯以喝开水为主,占97.7%;家庭成员有饭前便后洗手习惯的占97.7%;68.3%的家庭使用农药。52.0%的家庭污水随意排放。农村家庭卫生厕所普及率35.3%,34.7%的厕室不清洁,53.0%的有臭味,7.7%有蝇蛆,34.3%有粪便暴露。79.7%的家庭房屋周围存在诸如猪圈、牛圈、死水池、污水沟等病媒生物孳生地,30.7%厨房有鼠迹,46.7%厨房有苍蝇,16.7%的庭院周围有积水容器,蚊幼虫孳生阳性率为11.7%。结论泰安市农村家庭环境卫生总体情况良好,但是,农村家庭污水处理方面薄弱,卫生厕所普及率较低,厕室内卫生条件较差,病媒生物密度水平较高,是今后农村家庭环境卫生工作的重点。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the environmental health status of rural families in Tai'an and to grasp the hazard factors of rural family environmental health and health, and to provide scientific basis for the government to formulate policies and measures to improve rural environmental sanitation. Methods 3 counties were selected randomly, 5 villages and towns were selected randomly in each county, 4 villages were selected as monitoring points for each township, and each monitoring was monitored. A total of 5 households were randomly selected, with a total of 300 households as a survey. The main sources of income from rural families in Tai'an were agriculture and migrant workers (57% and 27% respectively); the main fuel used in the family was electricity and wood (47.7% and 27% respectively); the household centralized water supply coverage was 85.7%, and drinking water was the main drinking water. 97.7%, 97.7% of the family members have the habit of washing hands before meals, 68.3% of families using pesticide.52.0% for household waste water discharge. Rural household sanitary toilets are popularized by 35.3%, 34.7% of toilet rooms are unclean, 53% has a bad smell, 7.7% have maggot, and 34.3% family houses, such as piglets, cattle circles, and dead pools, are surrounded by 34.3% feces. The 30.7% kitchen had mouse trace, 46.7% kitchens had flies, 16.7% of the kitchens had flies, 16.7% of the courtyard surrounded by water container, the positive rate of mosquito larvae breeding was 11.7%. conclusion the overall situation of rural family environmental sanitation in Tai'an city was good, but the rural household sewage treatment was thin and weak, the sanitary latrine popularization rate was low, and the toilet indoor sanitary conditions were comparatively low. The high level of vector density is the focus of rural household environmental hygiene work in the future.

【作者单位】：泰安市疾病预防控制中心计划免疫科;泰安市疾病预防控制中心消毒管理与病媒生物防制科;
【分类号】：R127

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