钨合金企业工人钨与钴职业接触评估

发布时间：2018-05-05 17:40

本文选题：钨 + 钨合金　；参考：《环境与职业医学》2017年03期

【摘要】：[目的]调查钨合金企业工人钨、钴内外暴露水平,分析其分布特征,为进一步研究钨及其合金致硬金属肺病的职业健康风险评估提供基础数据。[方法]根据企业规模选择有代表性的4家钨合金生产企业,按随机抽样法选择直接接触钨及其合金且工龄≥1年的在职职工489人为观察组,325名无钨及其合金接触的职工作为对照组。对其工作场所进行职业卫生调查和钨、钴浓度检测,同期采集两组人群血样本,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品中钨、钴含量。[结果]工人工作场所钨暴露水平为0.03~4.42 mg/m(3中位数0.11 mg/m~3),钴暴露水平为0.013~0.677 mg/m~3(中位数0.017 mg/m~3),其中湿磨、喷雾干燥、烧结、机加、成品检验包装工种钴暴露水平超标。观察组人群全血中钨检出率为12.5%(浓度0.5~21.0μg/L,中位数0.5μg/L);血钴检出率为61.1%(浓度0.5~15.7μg/L,中位数0.7μg/L),与对照组人群相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。不同工种工人血钨、血钴水平差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。工人全血中钨与空气中钨相关系数为0.106(P0.05),全血中钴与空气中钴的相关系数为0.197(P0.01)。[结论]工人作业场所钨浓度未超标,钴浓度存在超标。工人全血中钨、钴含量分别与空气中钨、钴水平呈正相关关系。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate the internal and external exposure levels of tungsten and cobalt in tungsten alloy workers, and to analyze the distribution of tungsten and cobalt in order to provide basic data for further study on occupational health risk assessment of tungsten and its alloy induced hard metal lung disease. [methods] four representative tungsten alloy manufacturing enterprises were selected according to the scale of enterprises. According to the random sampling method, 489 workers who had direct contact with tungsten and its alloys and had more than one year's service were selected as the control group, 325 workers without contact with tungsten and their alloys were selected as the control group. Occupational health survey and concentration of tungsten and cobalt were carried out in the workplace. Blood samples from two groups of people were collected at the same time. The contents of tungsten and cobalt in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. [results] the exposure level of tungsten in workers' workplaces was 0.03 ~ 4.42 mg/m(3 (median 0.11 mg / m ~ (-1) and cobalt exposure level was 0.013 ~ 0.677 mg / m ~ (3) (median 0.017 mg / m ~ (3). The exposure level of cobalt in wet grinding, spray drying, sintering, mechanical processing and finished product inspection was above the standard. The detectable rate of tungsten and cobalt in whole blood of observation group was 12.5 and 61.1, respectively. The difference was statistically significant compared with that of the control group (P < 0.01). The detection rate of tungsten in whole blood was 12.5% (concentration of 0.5 ~ 21.0 渭 g / L, median 0.5 渭 g 路L ~ (-1), and the detection rate of blood cobalt was 61.1 渭 g / L (concentration of 0.5 ~ 15.7 渭 g / L, median of 0.7 渭 g / L ~ (-1). There were significant differences in blood tungsten and cobalt levels among workers of different types of work (P 0.01). The correlation coefficient between tungsten in whole blood and tungsten in air was 0.106 and 0.197, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between cobalt in blood and cobalt in air was 0.197. [conclusion] the concentration of tungsten and cobalt in workers' workplaces are not over the standard. The contents of tungsten and cobalt in whole blood of workers were positively correlated with the levels of tungsten and cobalt in air.
【作者单位】：湖南省职业病防治院;株洲市劳动卫生职业病防治中心;中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所;
【基金】：新增法定职业病防治关键技术研究项目(编号:20140021)
【分类号】：R135

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