基于网络模式的北京市城区小学生膳食营养状况调查

发布时间：2018-10-22 08:26

【摘要】：目的了解北京市城区小学生营养状况和能量、营养素摄入情况。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,在北京市东城区、西城区、石景山区分别抽取2所小学,在朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区分别抽取3所小学,抽中的15所小学的所有小学生经知情同意后自愿参加为期2周的网络膳食测评调查。采用《中小学生食物营养与热量摄入测评系统》进行基于网络的24 h膳食回顾法调查学生每日膳食摄入情况。结果参加网络膳食测评调查天数≥3 d的小学生有3 352名,小学生超重和肥胖检出率分别达到了13.2%和13.9%,男生(17.4%,16.8%)均高于女生(8.6%,10.7%),差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为56.57,25.57,P值均0.05)。男、女生的平均每日能量摄入分别为(1 650.40±698.58)和(1 491.64±664.84)kcal(1 kcal=4.18 k J),蛋白质摄入分别为(63.94±28.66)和(56.70±26.35)g,男生高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.725,7.625,P值均0.05)。男、女生维生素E、磷、钾、碘的摄入量过高(120%参考摄入量),硫胺素、维生素B6、钙、锌等多种营养素摄入量不足(80%参考摄入量)。结论北京市城区小学生超重肥胖问题突出,膳食营养素摄入不均衡,应加强营养教育,指导学生合理膳食。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the nutritional status, energy and nutrient intake of primary school students in Beijing. Methods two primary schools were selected from Dongcheng District, Xicheng District and Shijingshan District of Beijing by cluster random sampling, and 3 primary schools were selected from Chaoyang District, Haidian District and Fengtai District, respectively. All pupils in 15 primary schools volunteered to participate in a 2-week online dietary survey. The food nutrition and caloric intake evaluation system of primary and middle school students was used to investigate the daily dietary intake of students by a 24 hour diet review method based on network. Results there were 3 352 pupils who participated in the online dietary survey for more than 3 days. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in primary school students were 13.2% and 13.9%, respectively. Boys (17.4%) were higher than girls (8.6m 10.7%), the difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 = 56.5%, 725.57 P = 0.05). The average daily energy intake of male and female were (1 650.40 卤698.58) and (1 491.64 卤664.84) kcal (1 kcal=4.18 k J),) g, respectively (63.94 卤28.66) and (56.70 卤26.35) g, which were higher in male than in female (t = 6.725 卤7.625, P < 0.05). The intake of vitamin E, phosphorus, potassium and iodine was too high for boys and girls (120% reference intake), and the intake of thiamine, vitamin B6, calcium, zinc and other nutrients was insufficient (80% reference intake). Conclusion the problem of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Beijing is serious and the intake of dietary nutrients is not balanced. Therefore, nutrition education should be strengthened to guide students to eat properly.
【作者单位】：首都医科大学公共卫生学院;浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院;北京市教育委员会体育卫生与艺术教育处;北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所;
【基金】：北京市教育委员会课题项目(PXM2013_014226_07_000037)
【分类号】：R153.2

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