431名围生期孕产妇的膳食营养相关母婴健康素养调查分析

发布时间：2018-10-26 07:28

【摘要】：目的：调查围生期孕产妇的膳食营养相关母婴健康素养现状，分析其可能的影响因素，为针对性地开展健康教育，制定健康促进策略，提高孕产妇的健康素养水平提供依据。方法：参照卫生部2012年发布的《母婴健康素养——基本知识与技能》相关内容，设计《膳食营养相关母婴健康素养》调查问卷，内容包括基本知识、生活方式与行为、基本技能。随机选取长春市妇产医院产科住院的产前2天至产后5天的单胎孕产妇作为调查对象。调查问卷现场回收。共回收有效问卷431份。问卷数据采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料的比较采用t检验，计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。结果： 1.基本知识被调查者的知识评分，，尽管大专以上组高于高中以下组、城市组高于乡镇组，但各组的评分数均低于60分。尤其是，对于孕前体重正常者的孕期体重适宜增加值、增补叶酸的目的、孕期增补叶酸的至少持续时间、孕期增补叶酸的最好持续时间、正常育龄孕妇每日增补叶酸的正确剂量、孕中期、孕后期及哺乳期的钙适宜摄入量、乳类是钙的最好食物来源、维生素C促进铁的吸收利用、孕妇血红蛋白正常值、孕妇正常血压、巨大儿的含义、低出生体重儿的含义、正常足月新生儿的出生体重范围值、新生儿满月时体重最佳增长值、新生儿出生后开始喂奶的适宜时间、婴儿添加辅食后继续母乳喂养至2岁或2岁以上、正常足月新生儿出生后6个月内一般不用补钙、孕妇饮酒损害胎儿发育，其知晓率均不足60%。 2.生活方式孕期不饮酒、每天进行30分钟以上适宜运动、监测血压、孕24周～28周筛查糖尿病、孕前3个月至孕后3个月增补叶酸、适量补钙者均为60%以上；孕期每天乳类摄入量不少于300克、适量补铁、新生儿出生后1小时内开始喂母乳、按需哺乳者，均不足60%。其中，孕期适量补钙者，高中以下组少于大专以上组，乡镇组少于城市组；孕期监测血压者，乡镇组少于城市组。 3.基本技能基本技能的认同及形成率不足60%的包括：婴儿的咀嚼能力从出生后7～8个月开始锻炼，10～12个月培养婴儿自己用勺进食，为婴儿添加的非乳类食物注意无盐、注意不加调味品，婴儿发生腹泻时及时补充液体、不用糖水代替母乳、无需禁食。其中，对于一些基本技能的认同及形成率，高中以下组低于大专以上组，乡镇组低于城市组。结论： 1.被调查的围生期孕产妇健康素养的知识和技能总体水平不高。 2.孕产妇的膳食营养相关母婴健康素养水平存在城乡差异。城市孕产妇的基本知识水平、合理生活方式、基本技能的认同和形成率高于乡镇。 3.孕产妇的膳食营养相关母婴健康素养水平与文化程度有关。文化教育水平较高者的膳食营养相关知识水平、合理生活方式、基本技能的认同和形成率高于文化教育水平较低者。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the status quo of maternal and infant health literacy related to dietary nutrition in perinatal period and analyze its possible influencing factors so as to provide basis for health education and health promotion strategy to improve maternal health literacy. Methods: according to the related contents of "Maternal and Child Health Literacy-basic knowledge and skills" issued by Ministry of Health in 2012, a questionnaire was designed for "Dietary Nutrition related Maternal and Child Health Literacy", which included basic knowledge, lifestyle and behavior. Basic skills Single pregnant women in Changchun Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from 2 days to 5 days after delivery were randomly selected as investigation objects. The questionnaire was collected on the spot. A total of 431 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. T test was used to compare measurement data and 蠂 2 test was used to compare counting data. Results: 1. The score of knowledge of the subjects of basic knowledge was lower than that of the junior high school group and the urban group, but the score of the urban group was lower than that of the township group, but the score of each group was lower than 60 points. In particular, for those with normal pre-pregnancy weight gain, for the purpose of folic acid supplementation, for at least the duration of the supplementation of folic acid during pregnancy, and for the best duration of the supplementation of folic acid during pregnancy, Pregnant women of normal reproductive age supplement the correct dose of folic acid daily, the appropriate intake of calcium in the second trimester, the second trimester of pregnancy and the lactation period, milk is the best food source of calcium, vitamin C promotes the absorption and utilization of iron, and the normal value of maternal hemoglobin, Normal blood pressure of pregnant women, meaning of macrosomia, meaning of low birth weight infants, range of birth weight of normal full-term newborns, optimum weight gain value of newborns at full moon, suitable time for newborns to start feeding after birth, Infants continue to breastfeed until 2 years old or above after supplementary feeding, normal full-term newborns generally do not need to supplement calcium within 6 months after birth, pregnant women drink damage to fetal development, their awareness rate is less than 60%. 2. Life style pregnancy does not drink alcohol, do more than 30 minutes of exercise every day, monitoring blood pressure, 24 weeks to 28 weeks of gestation screening diabetes, 3 months before pregnancy to 3 months after pregnancy supplemented folic acid, adequate calcium is more than 60%; The intake of milk during pregnancy is not less than 300 grams, the amount of iron supplements is adequate, the newborn begins to breastfeed within 1 hour after birth, and the suckling according to need is less than 60. Among them, moderate calcium supplementation during pregnancy was less than that in junior high school group, township group was less than urban group, and blood pressure monitoring during pregnancy was less in township group than in urban group. 3. The rate of identification and formation of basic skills was less than 60%. The chewing ability of infants began to exercise from 7 to 8 months after birth, and the infants were trained to eat on their own at 10 ~ 12 months. The non-milk food added to the baby should have no salt, no seasoning, no sugary water instead of breast milk and no fasting. Among them, for some basic skills identification and formation rate, the group below senior middle school is lower than the group above college, the group of towns is lower than the group of city. Conclusion: 1. The general level of knowledge and skills of perinatal maternal health literacy was not high. 2. Maternal dietary nutrition related to maternal and child health literacy levels exist urban and rural differences. The recognition and formation rate of basic knowledge, life style and basic skills of urban pregnant and lying-in women are higher than that of villages and towns. 3. The level of maternal and infant health literacy related to dietary nutrition is related to the education level. The knowledge level of dietary nutrition, reasonable life style, basic skills identification and formation rate of those with higher level of culture and education were higher than those with lower level of culture and education.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R153.1

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