上海市闵行区居民供水系统中挥发性有机物分析

发布时间：2018-11-01 14:19

【摘要】：目的调查上海市闵行区以黄浦江和青草沙水库为水源的居民供水系统中挥发性有机物(volatile organic compound,VOC)的污染状况。方法于2016年2月(枯水期)和8月(丰水期),采集为闵行区居民供水的黄浦江和青草沙水库水源水、出厂水及末梢水样品共126份,使用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法对86种VOC进行定性和定量测定。结果以黄浦江和青草沙为水源的供水系统检出VOC分别为32种和28种,属于美国环境保护署(EPA)优先控制污染物的分别为19种和21种,有中国国家卫生标准限值要求的分别为18种和14种。检出物含量分别在0.04~213μg/L和0.04~728μg/L范围内;黄浦江水源除甲基叔丁基醚外,其他均处于较低浓度水平,青草沙水源除部分样本中二氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷超过卫生标准限值以外,其他有限值要求污染物均未超过限值,检出物质以一氯甲烷和甲基叔丁基醚浓度最高。两个供水系统中VOC均以卤代脂肪烃和芳香族化合物为主,但包含的化合物种类、数量却各有不同;卤代脂肪烃在两者检出的VOC中分别占37.5%和56.2%,芳香族化合物分别占64.3%和28.6%。两个供水系统均检出相同的5种消毒副产物(disinfection by-product,DBP),除三溴甲烷外,二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷在青草沙供水系统中浓度显著高于黄浦江供水系统;除二氯甲烷外,其他物质浓度变化均为末梢水出厂水水源水。结论闵行区两个供水系统水源水、出厂水和末梢水中均存在VOC污染,且污染特征不同,部分不在国家卫生标准范围内的VOC检出污染物应当在今后水质监测中引起足够重视。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the pollution of volatile organic compounds (volatile organic compound,VOC) in water supply system of residents with Huangpu River and Qingcaosha Reservoir in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods in February (dry season) and August (abundant water season), 126 samples of water from Huangpu River and Qingcaosha Reservoir, which supplied water to residents in Minhang District, were collected. 86 VOC species were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by purging and trapping-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results there were 32 species of VOC and 28 species of VOC in the water supply system of Huangpu River and Qingcao Sand, and 19 species and 21 species of pollutants under the priority control of (EPA) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, respectively. There are 18 kinds and 14 kinds of national health standard limit values in China. The contents of the detected compounds were in the range of 0.04 ~ 213 渭 g / L and 0.04 ~ 728 渭 g / L, respectively. With the exception of methyl tert-Ding Ji ether, the water source of Huangpu River is at a lower concentration level. Except for some samples, except for dichloromethane and 1h2- dichloroethane in some samples, the other limited values require pollutants to not exceed the limits. The highest concentrations of monochloromethane and methyl tert-Ding Ji ether were detected. Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds are the main components of VOC in the two water supply systems, but the number of compounds is different. Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for 37.5% and 56.2% of VOC, and aromatic compounds accounted for 64.3% and 28.662%, respectively. The same five disinfection by-products (disinfection by-product,DBP) were detected in both water supply systems, except for tribromomethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, monobromodichloromethane, and bromodichloromethane. The concentration of dichloromethane in the Qingcaosha water supply system was significantly higher than that in the Huangpu River water supply system. With the exception of dichloromethane, the change of other substance concentration was the source water of the terminal water. Conclusion there is VOC pollution in source water, factory water and terminal water of two water supply systems in Minhang District, and the pollution characteristics are different. Some of the pollutants detected by VOC which are not within the scope of national hygienic standard should be paid enough attention to in the future water quality monitoring.
【作者单位】：上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心;复旦大学公共卫生学院公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：上海市闵行区自然科学研究课题(2014MHZ043) 上海市研究生教育创新计划~~
【分类号】：R123.1

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