某聚氯乙烯分厂的氯乙烯职业健康风险评价

发布时间：2018-11-11 14:32

【摘要】：以某化工企业的聚氯乙烯分厂为研究对象,引入美国环境保护署(EPA)推荐的健康风险评价四步法,即危害鉴定、剂量-反应评价、暴露评价和风险表征,对不同作业任务(清釜、看釜、巡检和配料)工人的氯乙烯职业暴露进行健康风险评价。结果表明,从非致癌效应来看,看釜、巡检和配料岗位工人暴露于VC引起肝细胞多态性的HI值均高于安全阈值1,其中看釜工的危害指数最大,引起的不利健康效应最严重。从致癌效应来看,清釜工暴露于VC引起肝血管肉瘤的风险处于可接受水平;而看釜工患肝血管肉瘤的风险值R,达到可接受上限10-4对应的工作年限ED=1.91 a,因此,需要尽可能地采用安全防护措施减少该岗位的职业暴露。巡检和配料岗位的肝血管肉瘤风险达到可接受水平上限10-4时,对应的工作年限分别为4.36 a和9.33 a。由于健康风险评价更侧重长期暴露危害物质对人体健康的影响,即使工作场所满足国标规定的浓度阈值,仍然存在工人长期暴露于低浓度致癌物的风险。
[Abstract]:Taking a chemical plant of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plant as the research object, a four-step method of health risk assessment recommended by (EPA) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency was introduced, namely hazard assessment, dose-response evaluation, exposure evaluation and risk characterization. Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride in workers with different tasks (cleaning, cauldron, inspection and batching). The results showed that the HI values of hepatocyte polymorphisms caused by exposure to VC were higher than that of safety threshold 1 in the non-carcinogenic effects of autoclave inspection workers and proportioning workers. Among them the hazard index of cauldron workers was the largest and the adverse health effect was the most serious. In terms of carcinogenic effects, the risk of exposure to VC for hepatic angiosarcoma was at an acceptable level; However, the risk value of angiosarcoma of liver in cauldron workers reached the acceptable upper limit of 10-4 working life (ED=1.91 a). Therefore, it is necessary to use safety measures to reduce occupational exposure to the post as much as possible. When the risk of hepatic angiosarcoma reached the acceptable level 10-4, the corresponding working life was 4.36 a and 9.33 a, respectively. Because the health risk assessment focuses more on the long-term exposure of hazardous substances to human health, even if the workplace meets the national standard concentration threshold, workers are still exposed to low concentrations of carcinogens for a long time.
【作者单位】：南开大学城市公共安全研究中心;天津渤海化工集团有限责任公司劳动卫生研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ24B04) 天津市科技支撑计划项目(13ZCZDSY02300)
【分类号】：R134.1;TQ325.3

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