湖南省各级疾病预防控制机构生活饮用水水质监测能力现状研究

发布时间：2019-01-26 16:03

【摘要】：目的： 1.调查掌握湖南省各级疾病预防控制机构生活饮用水水质卫生监测能力情况。 2.分析湖南省各级疾病预防控制机构生活饮用水水质卫生监测存在的问题,为提高卫生监测能力提供依据。方法：按照卫生部新版《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006),设计监测能力调查表,内容包括各级疾病预防控制机构的实验室基本情况、检测人员信息、对106项饮用水水质项目的检测能力和相关仪器的配备情况。将调查表发放到各级疾病预防控制机构进行普查,并完成数据的填写和上报,对上报的相关信息进行统计分析。结果： 1.各级疾控机构实验室基本情况：全省94.93%的疾控机构通过了计量认证；地市级以下疾控机构一半以上的实验室面积集中在500m2以下；地市级以下的水质检验人员学历以大专为主,职称以初、中级为主,年龄集中在30—40岁之间； 2.水质指标的监测情况：全省各级疾病预防控制机构对水质常规检测指标的综合监测率为71.24%,其中,省级监测能力达到100.00%；地级市监测能力为87.75%；县级市监测能力为76.93%；县(区)级监测能力为67.96%。对水质非常规检测指标的综合监测率为8.76%,其中,省级监测能力达到96.87%；地级市监测能力为28.24%；县级市监测能力为6.15%；县(区)级监测能力为5.78%。市、县(区)级不能监测的项目主要集中在放射性指标中的总α放射性和总β放射性,以及毒理学指标中的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、溴酸盐、甲醛、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐、氯胺、二氧化氯、臭氧。 3.饮用水卫生监测仪器设备：县级市CDC缺乏一些基本的理化检验仪器,县区疾控中心无一家配备较先进的大型设备。结论：湖南省级以下各级疾病预防控制机构实验室认可率较低,水质检验人员素质有待加强,地市级以下疾控机构缺乏水质检测设备仪器,水质监测能力亟待加强。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. To investigate and master the sanitary monitoring capacity of drinking water quality of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in Hunan Province. 2. The problems in sanitary monitoring of drinking water quality in disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in Hunan Province were analyzed in order to provide basis for improving the ability of sanitary surveillance. Methods: according to the new edition of Sanitary Standards for drinking Water (GB5749-2006) of the Ministry of Health, a questionnaire on monitoring ability was designed, which included the basic laboratory information of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels, and the information of personnel. The detection ability and equipment of 106 items of drinking water quality were studied. The questionnaire will be sent to the disease prevention and control agencies at all levels to carry out a census, and complete the completion of data filling and reporting, to report the relevant information for statistical analysis. Results: 1. Basic conditions of laboratories of disease control institutions at all levels: 94.93% of the disease control institutions in the province have passed the metrological certification, more than half of the laboratory area of the disease control institutions below the prefectural level is below 500m2; The qualification of water quality inspectors below the municipal level is mainly junior college, professional title is primary, intermediate level, the age is concentrated in 30-40 years old; 2. Monitoring situation of water quality index: the comprehensive monitoring rate of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in the province is 71.24, in which the provincial monitoring ability reaches 100.00,87.75 in prefectural cities; The monitoring ability of county level is 76.93 and that of county (district) is 67.96. The comprehensive monitoring rate of unconventional water quality detection index is 8.76, among which, the monitoring ability of provincial level is 96.87, that of prefectural city is 28.2424, that of county-level city is 6.15. The ability of monitoring at county (district) level is 5.78. The items that cannot be monitored at the city, county (district) level are mainly the total alpha radioactivity and total beta radioactivity in the radioactivity index, and the trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, bromate, formaldehyde, chlorite, chloramine in the toxicology index, Chlorine dioxide, ozone. 3. Drinking water sanitation monitoring equipment: the county level city CDC lacks some basic physical and chemical inspection instruments, the county district disease control center does not have the more advanced large-scale equipment. Conclusion: the laboratory accreditation rate of disease prevention and control institutions below the level of Hunan Province is low, the quality of water quality inspectors needs to be strengthened, and the quality of water quality inspection equipment is lacking in the disease control institutions below the prefectural level, and the ability of water quality monitoring needs to be strengthened urgently.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R123.1

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