维吾尔族居民膳食模式与代谢性疾病的关联性研究

发布时间：2019-02-22 06:59

【摘要】：目的:研究维吾尔族居民膳食模式与代谢性疾病的关联性,以便为从膳食角度指导居民预防慢性疾病提供科学依据。方法:对前期调查得到的515名维吾尔族居民膳食营养状况调查资料(膳食调查、体格检查、生化检测等)进行了分析。膳食摄入水平调查采用的食物频率法。对调查居民各类食物的摄入量与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔(2016)建议的各类食物摄入量进行比较;热能和各营养素摄入水平分析用V2.7.13营养计算器分析,并与2013版《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》进行比较;膳食模式的建立应用因子分析方法,并采用非条件Logistic回归方法,分析不同膳食模式与代谢性疾病的相关性。统计分析采用SPSS19.0统计软件包。结果:1.与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔(2016)建议的各类食物摄入量相比,谷薯类、水果类、畜禽肉类摄入量达到或接近宝塔要求;蔬菜类、蛋类、乳类的摄入量低于宝塔建议值;盐、油脂类的摄入量高于宝塔建议值。与食物相对应的各类营养素摄入量也不平衡,能量、维生素B1、铁的摄入量达到或接近DRIs,碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、锌的摄入量均低于DRIs,蛋白质、脂肪的摄入量超过DRIs。2.膳食营养素摄入水平与代谢相关指标的相关性分析,能量与BMI呈正相关关系,碳水化合物与TC呈负相关关系,维生素A与HDL-C呈负相关关系,维生素B1与TC呈负相关关系,维生素C与舒张压、HDL-C、FPG呈负相关关系,钙与舒张压呈负相关关系,与TC呈正相关关系,锌与FPG呈负相关关系。3.膳食模式分析:通过因子分析,得到4种膳食模式,分别命名杂粮模式、坚果模式、主食模式、高脂高盐模式。杂粮模式(杂粮、蔬菜、水果、禽肉、畜肉等)、坚果模式(坚果、奶类、蛋类、畜肉、油脂等)、主食模式(大米、面食、蛋类、茶水、盐等)、高脂高盐模式(油脂、茶水、盐、畜肉、蛋类等);“主食模式”增加肥胖的患病风险(OR=2.626,P0.05),“高脂高盐模式”增加肥胖的患病风险(OR=3.121,P0.05),“杂粮模式”可以降低肥胖的危险性(OR=0.597,P0.05);同时,“杂粮模式”可以降低高血压的危险性(OR=0.922,P0.05),“高脂高盐模式”增加高血压的患病风险(OR=1.510,P0.05)。其他模式与疾病未见到相关性。结论调查居民膳食结构不合理,膳食模式分析结果提示杂粮模式是高血压和肥胖的保护因素,而高脂高盐模式是高血压和肥胖的危险因素,主食模式也是肥胖的危险因素。结果提示低膳食纤维可能是维吾尔族居民代谢相关疾病的危险因素,还有待今后进一步研究。应通过多种途径开展营养教育,使膳食结构更加合理,如教育居民减少油脂、盐的的摄入,多吃蔬菜水果和粗杂粮,少吃精加工米面等,以保证营养平衡。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the relationship between dietary pattern and metabolic diseases in Uygur residents, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of chronic diseases from the perspective of diet. Methods: the survey data of 515 Uygur residents' dietary nutrition status (dietary survey, physical examination, biochemical test) were analyzed. The method of food frequency used in dietary intake level survey. The intake of all kinds of food was compared with that suggested by the balanced Dietary Pagoda (2016) of Chinese residents. The caloric energy and nutrient intake levels were analyzed by V2.7.13 nutrition calculator, and compared with the 2013 edition of reference dietary nutrient intake (DRIs) of Chinese residents. The method of factor analysis was used to establish the dietary pattern and the non-conditional Logistic regression method was used to analyze the correlation between different dietary patterns and metabolic diseases. SPSS19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results: 1. Compared with the food intake recommended by the Chinese balanced Dietary Pagoda (2016), the intake of cereals, fruits, livestock and poultry meat reached or approached the requirements of the pagoda, and the intake of vegetables, eggs and milk was lower than the recommended value of the pagoda. The intake of salt and grease is higher than the recommended value of the pagoda. The intake of energy, vitamin B _ 1 and iron was similar to that of DRIs, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium and zinc were all lower than those of DRIs, protein. Fat intake exceeds DRIs.2. The correlation analysis between dietary nutrient intake level and metabolic indexes showed that energy was positively correlated with BMI, carbohydrate was negatively correlated with TC, vitamin A was negatively correlated with HDL-C, and vitamin B1 was negatively correlated with TC. Vitamin C was negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure and HDL-C,FPG, calcium was negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure, positively correlated with TC, and zinc was negatively correlated with FPG. Dietary pattern analysis: through factor analysis, four dietary patterns were obtained, which were named as miscellaneous grain model, nut model, main food pattern, high fat and high salt pattern. Staple food patterns (miscellaneous grains, vegetables, fruits, poultry, animal meat, etc.), nut patterns (nuts, milk, eggs, livestock meat, fats, etc.), staple food patterns (rice, pasta, eggs, tea, salt, etc.), high fat and high salt patterns (fats, oils, etc.), Tea, salt, meat, eggs, etc. The "staple food mode" increases the risk of obesity (OR=2.626,P0.05), the "high-fat high-salt model" increases the risk of obesity (OR=3.121,P0.05), and the "dietary pattern" can reduce the risk of obesity (OR=0.597,). P0.05); At the same time, the "diet model" can reduce the risk of hypertension (OR=0.922,P0.05) and increase the risk of hypertension (OR=1.510,P0.05). Other models were not associated with disease. Conclusion the results of dietary pattern analysis indicate that the dietary pattern is the protective factor of hypertension and obesity, while the high fat and high salt pattern is the risk factor of hypertension and obesity, and the main food pattern is also the risk factor of obesity. The results suggest that low dietary fiber may be a risk factor for metabolic related diseases in Uygur population, which should be further studied in the future. Nutrition education should be carried out in a variety of ways to make the dietary structure more reasonable. For example, the residents should be educated to reduce the intake of fat and salt, eat more vegetables, fruits and coarse grains, and eat less refined rice noodles, so as to ensure a balanced nutrition.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151.41

【相似文献】