“马克思哲学革命”观念的分析

发布时间：2018-01-04 10:22

  本文关键词：“马克思哲学革命”观念的分析　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 马克思哲学革命 科学革命 马克思 哲学革命 哲学观革命 唯物主义的历史观

【摘要】：“马克思哲学革命”是马克思主义哲学研究中常见的术语,用以表征马克思(包括马克思的合作者、支持者和后继者)在哲学上做出的革命性的贡献。研究“马克思哲学革命”有两种基本路径:其一是研究马克思实现了一场怎样的“哲学革命”,其二是研究马克思(主义)哲学的产生是不是或为什么是一场“哲学革命”。这两种研究路径共同构成了对“马克思哲学革命”的完整研究。“马克思哲学革命”研究已经取得的丰硕成果,主要是关于马克思实现了怎样的“哲学革命”的,即“马克思哲学革命”的实质,相对而言,较少追问为什么说马克思(主义)哲学实现了“哲学革命”。“马克思哲学革命”作为一个历史事件的真实存在是研究“马克思哲学革命”实质的理论前提,因此有必要澄清“马克思哲学革命”这样一个观念究竟是否指称一个真实的历史事件,并追问人们如何以“革命”的观念去看待马克思(主义)哲学。这两种路径的“马克思哲学革命”研究,不是背道而驰,而是殊途同归。在已经取得的涉及“马克思哲学革命”的研究成果中,描述和评价“马克思哲学革命”所使用的词汇和语句,与评述科学革命的各种用语基本一致。造成这种现象的原因在于我们并没有评述“哲学革命”的专门用语,科学史学家和科学哲学家所创造和使用的各种术语,是我们现有的用于评述发生在思想领域中的革命事件的唯一工具。因此,我们不得不首先在科学革命的观念中考察“马克思哲学革命”的观念。在现有的文献中,康德、库恩、I.B.科恩的具有代表性的观点和理论,能够帮助我们塑造科学革命的观念。对“马克思哲学革命”观念的分析可以分解为对这一观念中的“马克思”、“哲学”、“革命”三个用语或观念的分析。在用人名命名的各场革命中,“拉瓦锡革命”、“达尔文革命”和“魏格纳革命”的发动者本人都曾明确表示自己将会在化学、生物学或地质学中引发一场革命;牛顿本人虽然没有这方面的说法,但许多与他同时代的人都表示,牛顿的科学成就实现了一场科学革命。然而马克思本人却从未明确宣称自己要发动一场“哲学革命”,他同时代的支持者和反对者对其思想的阐释和评价也大多不是在哲学方面。“马克思哲学革命”的说法最早可能是在20世纪30年代后期才出现的,这使得“马克思哲学革命”与其他革命性事件相比表现出了明显的特殊性。用巴特菲尔德的理论来说,将马克思的某些思想解读为一场“哲学革命”是一种“辉格解释”。马克思并没有建立传统样态的哲学理论,但有著述认为“唯物主义的历史观”就是马克思的哲学理论。然而唯物史观不仅形式上与一切传统哲学不同,而且实质上也包含反对“哲学本身”的观点。“哲学革命”可以作为解释这样一种特殊情况的可能方案。但用唯物史观指认马克思有哲学理论并实现了“哲学革命”,与用“哲学革命”解释唯物史观是哲学理论,是一种循环论证。除非认为马克思同时实现了“哲学革命”与“哲学观革命”,即唯物史观作为一种新的哲学理论战胜了旧唯物主义和唯心主义,实现了“哲学革命”,同时因为马克思实现了“哲学观革命”,所以唯物史观的对象、性质和功能与一切传统哲学都不一样。但“哲学革命”与“哲学革命观”在严格的意义上不能同时发生——唯物主义取代唯心主义是一种“哲学革命”,但因为它们关注的哲学问题是同样的,所以不存在“哲学观革命”;唯物史观包含对哲学的革命性看法,因而有可能实现一种改变人们哲学观的“哲学观革命”,但摧毁现有的哲学观将会导致人们很难辨认出这种变革是不是“哲学革命”。任何一场革命都需要经历一个发生、发展和完成的过程,思想领域的革命也不例外。因此,说“马克思哲学革命”在那些未完成或未发表的作品中就已经实现显然是不可能的。更重要的是,无论是在康德的意义上还是在库恩的意义上,“马克思哲学革命”作为一场革命都是尚未实现的。因为时至今日,哲学本身都还处在康德所说的“来回摸索”和库恩所说的“前范式”的状态,哲学中依然派别林立,不止一种哲学派别宣称自己实现了一场“哲学革命”。“哲学革命”的实现意味着一种哲学在整个哲学领域内取得支配性的地位,显然,这样的革命在哲学的历史上还没有发生过。分析“马克思哲学革命”观念的目的不是否定已有的关于“马克思哲学革命”实质的研究成果,因为在科学革命的研究中,人们最先关注的也是它的实质而非其他要素。这些已有成果塑造了“马克思哲学革命”的观念,构成了分析这一观念的时间上的前提;同时它们也是实现“马克思哲学革命”的逻辑上的前提。实现“马克思哲学革命”是马克思主义哲学信仰者和支持者的历史使命,为了真正完成这一使命,就必须清晰认识这一使命,就必须分析“马克思哲学革命”这一观念。致力于实现“马克思哲学革命”,就必须首先承认它“尚未完成”。分析“马克思哲学革命”这一观念的真实意义,就在于实现“马克思的哲学革命”。
[Abstract]:"Marx's philosophy revolution" is a common term of Marx philosophy, to characterize Marx (including Marx partners, supporters and successors) made in philosophy on the revolutionary contribution. "Marx philosophy revolution" has two basic paths: one is the study of Marx realized a kind of philosophy "the second revolution", is the study of Marx (ISM) is not philosophy or why a "philosophical revolution". The two research paths together constitute a complete study of Marx's philosophy revolution. "The research of Marx's philosophical revolution" has been achieved, it is mainly about Marx realized what "the revolution of philosophy", namely "the essence of Marx's philosophical revolution", relatively speaking, less asked why Marx (ISM) philosophy of "philosophical revolution" horse. " The revolution of Kyth's philosophy "as a historical event's real existence is the study of Marx's philosophical revolution" the essence of the theoretical premise, it is necessary to clarify the "Marx philosophy revolution" such a concept that whether a real historical event, and asked people how to "revolution" concept to see Marx (Marxist) philosophy the two path ". Marx's philosophy revolution", is not the same thing. But to draw further apart, research has been made to the Marx philosophy revolution "in the description and evaluation of" words and phrases used by Marx's philosophy revolution ", consistent with the various language review of the scientific revolution. The reasons for this phenomenon in the terminology we did not comment on" philosophical revolution ", historians and philosophers of science to create and use a variety of terms, is I Are the only tool available for review in the area of thought of revolutionary events. Therefore, we have to first in the scientific revolution in the concept of "study of Marx's philosophical revolution" concept. In the existing literature, Kant, Kuhn, Cohen I.B. of the representative point of view and theory, can help us make Science revolutionary concept. Analysis of "Marx philosophy revolution" concept can be decomposed into the concept of "Marx", "philosophy", "analysis of revolution" three terms or concepts. In the revolution with personal names, "Lavoisier revolution", "revolution of Darwin" and "Wegener revolution" the launch of I have made it clear that they will lead a revolution in chemistry, biology or geology; Newton himself, though not this argument, but many of his contemporaries have said, Newton's scientific achievements to realize a scientific revolution. However, Marx himself never explicitly claimed to launch a "philosophical revolution", interpretation and evaluation of his contemporaries, supporters and opponents of their thoughts are not in philosophy. "Marx philosophy revolution" is the earliest possible is to appear in in late 1930s, which makes the "Marx philosophy revolution" compared with other revolutionary events showed obvious particularity. In Butterfield's theory, some thought understanding of Marx as a "philosophical revolution" is a "Whig interpretation". Marx philosophy theory does not establish the traditional pattern, but a writing that "materialist conception of history" is Marx's philosophical theory. However, historical materialism not only form with all the traditional philosophy, but also the essence of package Containing against "philosophy itself" point of view. "Philosophical revolution" can be interpreted as possible solutions to such a special case. But Marx has identified with the historical materialism philosophy theory and Realization of "philosophical revolution", and "philosophical revolution" interpretation of historical materialism is the philosophical theory, is a circular argument. Marx believes that unless at the same time to achieve a "philosophical revolution" and "philosophical revolution", namely the historical materialism as a new philosophical theory to overcome the old materialism and idealism, to achieve a "philosophical revolution", at the same time because Marx achieved a "philosophical revolution", so the object of historical materialism, the properties and functions of all the traditional philosophy is not the same. But the "philosophical revolution" and "philosophical revolution" in the strict sense cannot occur at the same time, is a kind of idealism materialism instead of "philosophical revolution", but because of Philosophical issues they focus on is the same, so there is no "philosophical revolution"; historical materialism contains revolutionary views on philosophy, so it is possible to realize a change of philosophy "philosophy of revolution", but the destruction of existing philosophy will lead to people it is very difficult to recognize the change is not a "philosophical revolution". Any revolution needs an occurrence, development and completion of the process of ideological revolution is no exception. Therefore, "said Marx philosophy revolution" in the unfinished or unpublished work has been achieved is obviously impossible. More importantly, whether in Kant the meaning or significance of Kuhn, "Marx's philosophy revolution" as a revolution is not yet achieved. Because today, philosophy itself is still in Kant's "back and forth groping" and Kuhn "Before the paradigm", philosophy still factions, more than one kind of philosophical schools claim to meet a "philosophical revolution". "Philosophical revolution" of the implementation means a whole philosophy in the field of Philosophy in the dominant position, obviously, this revolution in the history of philosophy hasn't happened. "Analysis of Marx's philosophical revolution" concept is not the purpose of negation has been on the "Marx philosophy revolution" research substance, because in the research of the scientific revolution, people first concern is its essence rather than its elements. These achievements he created "Marx philosophy revolution" concept. Is the premise of analysis of this concept of time; they are also the premise of Marx's philosophy revolution "logic." Marx philosophy revolution "is the Marx doctrine Philosophy Believers and supporters of the historical mission, in order to accomplish this mission, we must clearly understand this mission, we must analyze the concept of "Marx's philosophy revolution." committed to achieving the "revolution of Marx's philosophy, we must admit that it has not been completed. The true meaning of" the revolution of Marx's philosophy "one idea, is to realize" philosophical revolution "of Marx.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B03
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本文编号：1378109