现象与自在之物的同一性思考

发布时间：2018-01-13 04:08

本文关键词：现象与自在之物的同一性思考　出处：《昆明理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：康德哲学的哲学史地位毋庸置疑。作为近代哲学的继承者和发扬者,他对如何使知识重新走上科学道路的问题,采取了新的思考方式,以“哥白尼式革命”的突围实现了对近代哲学的一次超越。作为康德先验哲学的逻辑基础和前提,现象与自在之物的主客二元划分成为正确把握康德哲学的关键。哲学上的主客二元划分经历了多个时期,从古希腊时期普罗泰戈拉的“人是万物尺度”开始于内部自我找寻哲学方向,到柏拉图的“理念论”首次明确主客二元世界划分,再到近代哲学通过对主客二元世界的理性阐释从而将认识论推到这一时期的哲学讨论中心,而洛克等对此问题的争辩衍生出了独断论和怀疑论,成为之后康德对以往形而上学批判的切入口。康德通过“哥白尼式革命”对以往形而上学做出重新考量,转变之前的主客观契合模式,提出“人为自然立法”、对象符合知识的认识模式。他提出了现象与自在之物的概念,这一概念的首要任务就是限制人们认识可能的边界。在对现象与自在之物的主流解读上,我们通常也关注于知性概念的经验运用、本体与现象以及本体与先验对象的区分,同时发现两者的区别与同一性纠缠在一起,这种同一可以简单理解为来自同一对象的非同一的客体描述及本身。虽然康德文本中有个别字句表示了同一的可能性,但现象与自在之物有着不同的时间和空间特性,在时空性上有着根本的不同。真正把现象与自在之物区分开来的就是主观的时间空间形式。其次,康德理论中实体概念能否作为中介,用来对比现象与自在之物的同一性,这一问题有待考察。最后,自在之物是现象的原因与因果性不适用于自在之物的矛盾成为了对现象与自在之物同一性的致命一击。康德更多的是认为思想与本体或者终极存在的一致性,而不是诸对象的一致性,并且相比于个体的终极存在,我们更应该运用道德理性相信精神的终极存在。在主流解读的基础上对现象与自在之物的思考,可以更加明确康德哲学的意义。
[Abstract]:Kant's philosophy of history of philosophy. As there is no doubt the status and develop modern philosophy's successor, his knowledge on how to re embark on the road of science problem, adopt new ways of thinking, to achieve a transcendence of modern philosophy to "breakthrough Copernicus revolution". As the logic basis and premise of Kant transcendental philosophy, and two yuan division between phenomenon and thing in itself has become the key to grasp the philosophy of Kant. And two yuan is divided on the philosophy of experienced multi period, Plo Tiger La period of ancient Greece "all is scale" started in the internal self seeking philosophy direction, to Platon's "theory of idea" for the first time explicitly subjective two yuan for the division of the world, then to the modern philosophy through the rational interpretation of the subject and object of the two yuan of the world which will be pushed to the epistemology of this period of philosophical discussion center, and Rock this argument Yan Give birth to dogmatism and skepticism, after becoming Kant's critique of metaphysics of the previous entry point. Kant through the "Copernicus revolution" to make a reconsideration of the traditional metaphysics, change the subjective and objective combination mode, put forward "human nature legislation", in line with the knowledge object model. He put forward the concept of the phenomenon and thing in itself. The primary task of this concept is to limit people's understanding of the possible boundary. In the interpretation of mainstream phenomenon and thing in itself, we usually use experience also focused on understanding concepts, the distinction between noumenon and phenomenon and noumenon and transcendental object, also found that the difference between the two entangled with the same sex together. The same can be simply understood as from the same object with a non object description and itself. Although there are individual words in the texts of Kant said the possibility of the same, but the phenomenon of self There are different characteristics in time and space objects are fundamentally different in time and space. Really distinguish between phenomenon and thing in itself is the subjective time and space form. Secondly, the concept of Kant's theory in entity can be used as intermediary, the same to comparison between phenomenon and thing in itself, this the problem to be investigated. Finally, the thing in itself is contradictory reasons and causal phenomenon is not suitable for the thing in itself has become the phenomenon and thing in itself as a fatal blow. Kant is more consistent with the idea that the body or the ultimate existence, and consistency is not the object of the ultimate existence and compared to the individual, we should use the ultimate existence of moral rational spirit. Based on that the mainstream interpretation on the phenomenon and thing in itself can be more clear thinking, the significance of Kant's philosophy.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B516.31

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