论福柯的修身理论

发布时间：2018-01-17 15:44

本文关键词：论福柯的修身理论　出处：《西北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：福柯追求的是一种把主体修身与真理联系在一起的哲学实践。他从早期的对知识研究转向后期对主体的研究,从研究人类的外界生存状态转向人类自身的生存美学,并积极提倡修行实践,实现了阶段性的跨越。福柯在分析古代修身技术的基础上做了进一步的阐发,这也是福柯从权力的桎梏中解放出来,转向了生存美学的表现。人若想成为自由的人,就必须先认识自己、关心自己,成为他自己。福柯明确指出,有关自我的“关切”和“技术”的历史是一个创造主体性历史的方式,……,通过“与自身的关系”及其技术框架和知识效果在我们文化中产生和转化。他所倡导的这种修行实践着力培养一种自身对自身的完满关系,培养适应和应对未来可能发生的一切的能力,最终是要把主体塑造成诚实的、自我的主体、以伦理为导向的道德主体。总而言之,人要追求一种“为自身”活着的状态。所以从这一方面来说,福柯是想要打破哲学与生活的界限,通过自我对自我的努力,在真理的关怀之下努力实现一种能够自我支配的生存美学。修身之道是福柯生存美学中重要的一部分,不同于权力对主体的塑造,修身是主体对自己的一种主动改写,从被动的状态转向了主动的状态,这是通向真理的通道。福柯明确指出,修身实践的目的就是找回自身、解放自身、回归自身,通过一系列的修身技术,在自身对自身的实践和训练中把主体培养成说真话的主体。同时,修身又是一门艺术,其目的是让个人与自身确立一种恰如其分的关系,个人不能把自身、自身的主体性局限于权力的狂热中。自身的存在是一种主动的生存,而不是一种被动的生存,自己对自身要施行权力,这一种从主体化到艺术化的过程。此外,修身的艺术是一种哲学的、终身的、全面的艺术,不是暂时的、阶段的、片面的艺术,不能完全按照一种既定的模式去进行,也不能一时兴起而又中途而废。这种艺术面对的是生活对人的考验,人必须持之以恒地教育自己、关心自己,只有真正做到对自己的关心,人才能坚强地对待这些考验。总而言之,人要追求一种“哲学的精神气质”。
[Abstract]:Foucault pursues a kind of philosophical practice which links the subject self-cultivation with the truth. He changed from the early study of knowledge to the later study of the subject. From the study of human external living state to human survival aesthetics, and actively promote the practice of spiritual practice, the realization of the stage of leapfrogging. Foucault in the analysis of ancient self-cultivation technology on the basis of further analysis. This is Foucault's liberation from the shackles of power to the expression of survival aesthetics. If a man wants to be a free man, he must first know himself, care for himself and become himself. Foucault points out clearly. The history of "concern" and "technology" about self is a way to create a history of subjectivity. Through "the relationship with oneself" and its technical framework and knowledge effect produced and transformed in our culture, he advocated this kind of practice practice to cultivate a kind of perfect relation of oneself to oneself. To cultivate the ability to adapt and cope with all that may happen in the future is ultimately to portray the subject as an honest, self-oriented, ethics-oriented moral subject. In this sense, Foucault wants to break the line between philosophy and life and to strive for himself through self. It is an important part of Foucault's survival aesthetics, which is different from the shaping of power to the subject. Self-cultivation is a kind of active rewriting from passive state to active state, which is the channel to truth. Foucault clearly points out that the purpose of self-cultivation practice is to find oneself and liberate oneself. Return to itself, through a series of self-cultivation techniques, in their own practice and training to the subject of telling the truth of the subject. At the same time, self-cultivation is an art. The purpose is to establish a proper relationship between the individual and himself, the individual can not put themselves, their subjectivity is confined to the fanaticism of power. The existence of oneself is a kind of active existence. It is not a passive existence. It is a process from subjectivization to artistry. In addition, the art of self-cultivation is a philosophical, life-long, all-around art, not a temporary one. Stage, one-sided art, can not be carried out in accordance with a given pattern, nor can it be on the spur of the moment, but also in the middle. This art is faced with the test of life to people, people must persevere in educating themselves. Only when we care about ourselves, can we deal with these tests firmly. In a word, we should pursue a kind of "philosophical spirit".
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B565.5

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