后验必然性

发布时间：2018-02-01 02:57

  本文关键词： 必然性 后验性 名称 世界状态　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：词句的意义、模态和认知特征及三者之间的关系在语义学中十分重要,在以克里普克为代表的哲学家对传统的描述语义理论的颠覆后,意义、必然性和先天性不再具有一致性,后验必然命题和先验偶然命题便是新的语义理论的代表,与之相关的许多其他的语言学甚至是形而上学和认识论上的观点都需要被重新考察。本篇论文关注的是克里普克提出的后验必然陈述,并尝试从不同的角度对其进行连释,以期能了解后验必然性的细节和在语义学中的影响。文章将分成三个部分论述,分别对应克里普克、二维语义学和索姆斯对这个问题的讨论,二维理论会被细分为几种不同的模型来对待。有一些主题会一直贯穿前后文,包括后验性与必然性的关系、他们分别具有何种特征、形而上学世界和认识世界的联系、怎样在后验必然命题中对待具体的词类如专名和自然词类、不同理论之间的连贯性、后验必然性所归属的表达客体、这样从克里普克的思考方向重述这种命题以及这种它的不同应用、认知内涵在不同的对命题的定义下的不同体现等。最后的结论是,自然语言中确实存在后验必然陈述但比较稀少,当我们在理论上研究并应用它时,必须注意它诸多方面的限制和它带来的争议。语句的真值被发现需要从两个方面进行考虑,反实际世界和可以具有不同特征的实际世界,认知和模态具有根本上的不同,必然性可以从不同的角度被考量并且直接影响语义,命题的不同对待方式会带来差别极大的语义理论,模态算子和认知算子在二维理论里具有很复杂的关系,斯托内克的二维模型在我看来是比较成功对克里普克后验必然陈述的解释和发展,索姆斯对克里普克和晚期二维理论的批判比较恰当,而对早期的二维理论则过于严苛而忽视了其积极的方面。
[Abstract]:The meaning, modal and cognitive characteristics of words and sentences and the relationship between them are very important in semantics. After the disruption of the traditional descriptive semantic theory by the philosopher represented by Kripke, the meaning is very important. Necessity and congenital are no longer consistent, posteriori inevitable proposition and transcendental accidental proposition are the representatives of the new semantic theory. Many other linguistic and even metaphysical and epistemological viewpoints related to it need to be revisited. This paper focuses on the posteriori inevitable statement put forward by Kripke. In order to understand the details of posteriori necessity and its influence in semantics, this article will be divided into three parts, corresponding to Kripke. Two-dimensional semantics and Soames's discussion of this issue, two-dimensional theory will be subdivided into several different models to deal with, there are some topics will always run through the text, including the relationship between posteriori and inevitability. They have what characteristics, metaphysical world and understanding of the world, how to deal with specific parts of speech such as proper names and natural parts of speech in the posteriori inevitable proposition, the coherence between different theories. The object of expression to which the posterior necessity belongs, so that the proposition and its different applications are restated from the direction of Kripke's thinking. The final conclusion is that posteriori inevitable statements do exist in natural language but are rare when we study and apply them in theory. We must pay attention to its limitations in many aspects and the controversy it brings. The true value of the statement is found to need to be considered from two aspects, the anti-real world and the actual world with different characteristics. Cognition and modality are fundamentally different. Inevitability can be considered from different angles and directly affect semantics. Different treatment of propositions will lead to great differences in semantic theory. Modal operators and cognitive operators have a very complex relationship in two-dimensional theory. Stonecker's two-dimensional model is, in my opinion, a more successful explanation and development of Kripke's posteriori inevitable statement. Soames's criticism of Kripke's and late two-dimensional theory is more appropriate, while the early two-dimensional theory is too strict and neglects its positive aspects.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B085
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本文编号：1480739