薛敬之理学思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 23:14

本文关键词： 薛敬之太极理气心性明代关学　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在明朝初年朱学独尊的学术背景下,薛敬之沿着由宋至明的理学走向,结合关学思想,形成了其以太极统体、理气不离的天道观和心统性气的心性学说,以及存心驭气、躬行实践的为学工夫论。文章通过《关学编》、《明儒学案》等文献对薛敬之的描述,以其著作《思庵野录》为主要资料,对薛敬之的理学思想进行了梳理和定位。文章开篇对薛敬之的研究现状及其中存在的问题进行了分析,之后对薛敬之的生平、著作做出了介绍。然后分三部分对薛敬之的哲学思想、他的学派归属以及他对后世影响进行了阐述和总结。论文主体部分着重介绍了薛敬之的哲学思想,这是论文的核心部分。分别从其天道观、心性论以及为学工夫论三部分,对其哲学思想所涉及到的各项内容进行分析介绍。在天道观上,薛敬之提出了“太极统体,理气不离”的观点。薛敬之同意宋儒“无极而太极”的宇宙生成图式,并把太极作为最高本体,认为太极中涵盖理气的源头。在此,薛敬之将太极与理分化开来,认为理与太极不能等同。在理气关系上,薛敬之把气提高到与理并列的地位,认为世界万物由气构成,理则是内化于万物之中的规定性与法则。理与气的关系是理不离气,气不离理,理气相依不能分开。在心性论上,薛敬之表现出了重心的思想倾向。他把心与太极放到同等地位,认为心就是太极在人的映照。在性论上,薛敬之继承了张载的性两分的学说,认为人性分为本然之性与气质之性,这也是理气在人身上的体现。本然之性与气质之性的分别也就是性与气的分别,心的作用便是统属性与气,这也就是其存心驭气的工夫论的依据。在为学工夫论上,薛敬之明确了为学的目的并不是求名得利,而是为了究天地之理。在为学路径上,他一方面提出存心驭气的内在修养论,认为应该时刻注意心的走向,不能放下心以使气脱离其控制；另一方面提出了以心驭气要从事上入手,通过在事上分清善恶、躬行礼敬来涵养德行。此外,薛敬之还对从政之人如何为政提出了公正无私即仁的说法。在对薛敬之哲学思想进行了阐述之后,文章又对其学派归属问题进行了讨论。文章运用“关学”概念的“时间”、“空间”、“学传”三个维度对薛敬之其人及其思想做出了定位,做出了薛敬之思想属于明代关学的结论。最后,文章对薛敬之思想的特质及影响做出了阐述。薛敬之作为明初著名的关中学者,对明代关学的中兴起着承上启下的关键作用,其思想也体现出了当时理学思潮发展的主要脉络。
[Abstract]:In the academic background of Zhu Xi ' s self - respect in the Ming Dynasty , Xue Jing , along with the Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasty , formed its theory of mind and mind , which was based on the philosophy of Taizong , and the thought of Guan Xue . This article analyzes the present situation of Xue Jing and the problems in it , then introduces the life and works of Xue Jing , then points out the philosophical thought of Xue Jing , his school affiliation and his influence on the afterlife . The main part of the thesis focuses on Xue Jing ' s philosophy thought , which is the core part of the thesis . In the view of heaven , Xue Jingzhi put forward the view of " Tai Chi unification body and rational qi not to leave " . Xue Jing agreed that Song Confucianism is the source of natural gas . In the theory of the mind , Xue Jing demonstrated the tendency of the center of gravity . He put the heart and the Tai Ji in the same position , and thought that the heart was the reflection of the human being . In the theory of sex , Xue Jing inherited the theory of the nature and temperament of the human body , which is the reflection of the nature and temperament of the human body . The purpose of Xue Jing is not to seek fame and gain , but to study the theory of heaven and earth . On the other hand , he puts forward the inner cultivation theory of managing qi . On the other hand , he puts forward that he should pay attention to the direction of the heart and can not lay down the heart so as to keep the gas away from its control . After the elaboration of Xue Jing ' s philosophy thoughts , the article also discusses the attribution of his school . The article uses the " time " , " space " and " science transmission " in the concept of " closing " to locate the person and his thoughts of Xue Jing , and makes a conclusion that Xue Jing ' s thought belongs to Ming dynasty . Finally , the article expounds the characteristics and influences of Xue Jing ' s thought . Xue Jing , as a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty , has played a key role in the development of Ming dynasty , and the thought also reflects the main vein of the development of Neo - Confucianism .

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B248.99

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