陈独秀“以科学代宗教”思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 22:18

本文选题：陈独秀　切入点：科学　出处：《中山大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宗教作为人类社会中的一种文化现象,对社会的经济、政治、思想、文化等方面都具有一定的影响,因而受到人们的普遍关注。在中国近代史上,知识分子群体对于宗教问题的重视度不断提高,并在新文化运动时期展开了一场关于宗教问题的论争。这场论争的主题是,近代中国的发展是否还需要宗教参与其中。作为五四运动和新文化运动的代表人物,陈独秀对宗教问题也十分关注。1917年,陈独秀正式提出“以科学代宗教”思想,代表了他在宗教问题上的基本观点。鸦片战争以来,中国传统的社会结构被迫发生改变,以儒学为基础的思想体系也受到严重冲击,国民信仰危机随之产生。在此背景下,一部分宗教界人士希望通过发展宗教信仰来维系道德人心,实现中华民族的发展。但陈独秀认为,宗教本身存在许多弊端,已经不能适应新的社会需求。因此,他主张全面学习西方科学,以科学技术促进社会经济的发展,以科学精神实现国民性的改造。“以科学代宗教”的主张由于迎合了当时国内向西方学习的时代潮流,因此在国内获得了广泛的支持,并对近代中国的启蒙和发展产生了积极的作用。本文通过对陈独秀“以科学代宗教”这一主张的梳理,分析陈独秀本人对于宗教问题的基本看法,概括其主张的真正内涵和意图。同时,结合当时比较有代表性的人物对这一主张的评价,了解这一主张所产生的历史影响。最后,在对陈独秀“以科学代宗教”思想进行全面分析之后,发掘其中合理的部分,为当今正确看待宗教问题提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Religion as a cultural phenomenon in human society, social economy, politics, ideology, culture has a certain effect, so the people's attention. China in modern history, the intellectuals in matters of religion, the importance of continuous improvement, and launched a debate on religious issues during the period of the new culture movement. This controversy is the theme of the development of modern China still need religion involved. As a representative of the May 4th Movement and the new culture movement, Chen Duxiu is also very concerned about the issue of religion.1917, Chen Duxiu proposed the thought of replacing religion with science, he represents the basic views on religion.. since the Opium war, the traditional social structure Chinese forced to change, taking Confucianism as the basis of the system of thought has also been seriously affected, the national crisis of faith will be generated. In this back Under the background, a part of the religious circles hope that through the development of religion to maintain moral people, realize the development of the Chinese nation. But Chen Duxiu believes that religion itself has many shortcomings, has been unable to meet the new needs of society. Therefore, he advocated a comprehensive study of Western science, promoting the development of economy and society with science and technology, realize the transformation of national character in the spirit of science. The "science of religion" claims due to cater to the domestic learning from the western trend of the times, so in China has gained broad support, and has a positive effect on the development of the modern enlightenment and Chinese. Based on the idea of Chen Duxiu "replacing religion with science review an analysis of Chen Duxiu's own basic views on religious issues, summarizes the true meaning of claims and intentions. At the same time, combined with the comparative evaluation representative of the main card To understand the historical impact of this proposition. Finally, after a comprehensive analysis of Chen Duxiu's idea of "replacing religion with science", we should explore some reasonable parts to provide reference for today's correct view of religious issues.

【学位授予单位】：中山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B920;B261

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