基于正义角度，马克思对资本主义财产权的批判

发布时间：2018-03-05 19:47

本文选题：分配正义　切入点：意识形态　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,随着中国经济环境的大幅改善与物质财富的急剧积累,一种新型的经济力量——资本悄然诞生,并逐渐展露出大举入侵国内市场的强大野心。于是,越来越多的行业与个人开始被卷入到资本的漩涡中,经济学界、法学界与政治学界对于由巨额社会财富带来的分配与正义问题的关注与争论也越来越热烈。无法忽视的现实问题为马克思主义研究提供了新的研究视域。人们开始在马克思对于资本主义批判的文本中挖掘,是否马克思在对于资本主义批判的过程中带有一种道德倾向,即马克思是否认为资本主义是不正义的?马克思又是否出于一种正义观点而对资本主义制度进行无情的驳斥?这些问题,在中西学界都引起了广泛的讨论。本文希望,通过与西方自由主义的政治学家罗尔斯的正义理论,及西方分析学派马克思主义者的理论进行对比研究后,可以得到关于马克思正义理论的解答。罗尔斯的《正义论》为西方政治学界开启了一个全新的纪元。不少西方马克思主义者从分配正义的角度出发,重新解读马克思的文本。罗尔斯的正义理论在强调公平正义及为社会最少受惠者争取合法权益等方面,与马克思有异曲同工之妙,但是我们却不能将他引为马克思的同道中人。罗尔斯的理论从对于资本主义社会生产制度的回避与默认出发,力图通过社会再分配的方式,继续维护并修缮资本主义制度。他的做法无疑与马克思的观点背道而驰。受西方政治哲学的影响,伍德关于“马克思并不认为资本主义是不正义”的观点,如同重磅炸弹般在国内外马克思主义研究界引发了一场威力极强、绵延至今的理论论战。伍德从纯粹政治经济学的视野出发,为资本主义制度存在的正义性进行辩护。同时,他又凭借马克思及马克思主义者拒斥“意识形态”的态度出发,认为尽管马克思批判资本主义在经济领域的不合理现象,但仍抱有一种不与历史必然性相违背的正义倾向。罗尔斯与伍德把握到了马克思文本对于资本主义社会的精准分析,然而却未曾走进马克思更加具有批判性的现实反思中。归根结底,作为两人理论建构点的“公平”“正义”观点深受资本主义社会的法权概念影响,从未超出过资本主义意识形态的框架。而马克思,一面着眼于对资本主义生产领域的批判研究,一面从生产领域出发,关注劳动与资本的非正义交换关系,从根本上否定了资本主义奉行已久的“劳动致富”的传统正义观念,为自己对资本主义制度的道德批判寻找到了牢固扎实的生存根基。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the dramatic improvement in China's economic environment and the rapid accumulation of material wealth, a new economic force, capital, has quietly emerged and gradually revealed its strong ambition to invade the domestic market on a large scale. More and more industries and individuals are beginning to be involved in the whirlpool of capital. The scholars of law and politics pay more and more attention to the distribution and justice brought about by the huge social wealth. The realistic problems that can not be ignored provide a new research horizon for the study of Marxism. First excavated in Marx's critique of capitalism, Does Marx have a moral tendency in the process of criticizing capitalism, that is, does Marx think capitalism is unjust? Is Marx mercilessly refuting the capitalist system out of a just point of view? These problems have aroused extensive discussion in Chinese and Western academic circles. This paper hopes to compare the justice theory of Rawls, a political scientist of western liberalism, and the Marxist theory of western analytical school. The answer to Marx's theory of justice can be obtained. Rawls' Theory of Justice opened a new era in western political circles. Many Western Marxists set out from the perspective of distributive justice. Reinterpretation of Marx's text. Rawls's theory of justice has the same advantages as Marx in emphasizing fairness and justice and striving for the legitimate rights and interests of the least beneficiaries of society. But we cannot quote him as Marx's fellow human being. Rawls' theory, based on the avoidance and acquiescence of the production system in capitalist society, tries to pass the way of social redistribution. Continue to maintain and repair the capitalist system. His approach is undoubtedly contrary to Marx's view. Under the influence of Western political philosophy, Wood's view that "Marx does not think capitalism is unjust," Like a bomb, it has triggered a powerful and ongoing theoretical debate in the world of Marxist research at home and abroad. Wood defended the justice of the capitalist system from the perspective of pure political economy. At the same time, On the basis of Marx and his Marxist attitude of rejecting "ideology," he thought that despite Marx's criticism of the irrational phenomenon of capitalism in the economic field, But there is still a tendency of justice that does not contradict the historical inevitability. Rawls and Wood grasped the precise analysis of the capitalist society in Marx's text. In the final analysis, the viewpoint of "fairness" and "justice", as the construction point of the two-person theory, was deeply influenced by the concept of legal right in capitalist society. Never exceeded the framework of capitalist ideology. Marx, while focusing on the critical study of capitalist production, focused on the unjust exchange of labor and capital from the field of production. It fundamentally negates the traditional justice concept of "getting rich from labor", which has been practiced for a long time, and finds a solid foundation for survival for his moral criticism of capitalist system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B0-0

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