不学不成:工夫论视角下的荀子知识观

发布时间：2018-03-25 07:53

  本文选题：荀子　切入点：学　出处：《社会科学》2017年09期

【摘要】：作为儒家学者,荀子在伦理与政治的意义上肯定了知识的价值,却殊少纯粹知识论的兴趣。在一种自我完善论的哲学背景之下,荀子提出"君子之学以美其身",以主体的自我完善,而非外在的知识作为中心的关切。基于此,荀子认为知识的价值不在于知识自身,而在于伦理意义上的效用性,提出"君子审于礼也",强调对知识的学习须以道德作为优先的价值取向。进而,这一知识观体现在早期儒家知识系谱的层面,荀子提出"隆礼义而杀诗书",强调具有客观化品格的礼之于道德修养的基础性意义。另一方面,客观化的礼又需要通过人格的具象化("师")方能发挥其道德教育的功能。故而,荀子每每将"尊师"与"隆礼"对举,更将"尊师"置于"隆礼"之上。最后,在荀子的自然人性论之下,主体自我完善的内在根据不是作为先验的向善的自然倾向,而是作为一种先天的学以成善的能力而存在的。这显现出"学"的观念在荀子的工夫论中居于核心的地位,并有一种整体的意义。特别地,在荀子,学是一种"性伪合"("合外内之道,一也")意义上的"生成",而非纯然的"外烁"。了解这一点,对于平实地把握荀子哲学的儒学史意义尤为重要。
[Abstract]:As a Confucian scholar, Xunzi affirmed the value of knowledge in the ethical and political sense, but seldom pure theory of knowledge of interest. In a self perfection under the background of philosophy, Xunzi put forward "the gentleman of the United States to study the main body", to self-improvement, rather than concern external knowledge as the center. Based on this, Xunzi believes that the value of knowledge is not knowledge itself, but in the utility of the ethical meaning, put forward the "gentleman trial in the ceremony", emphasizes the study of knowledge should be moral as value orientation of priority. Furthermore, the concept of knowledge is the early Confucian pedigree of knowledge level, Xunzi put forward "long poem the rites and kill", emphasizing the foundation with the objective character of Li in the moral significance. On the other hand, the objective of the ceremony by the embodiment of personality ("teacher") can play its function of moral education. Therefore, Xunzi often "Respect" and "ceremony" on the move, will "respect" in the "Rites". Finally, in Xunzi's theory of human nature, according to the internal mainself improvement is not as good a priori natural tendency, but as a kind of innate good ability to learn to exist this shows the "learning" is the core concept in Xunzi's time on the status, and have an overall significance. In particular, in Xunzi, is a "pseudo" ("inside and outside of the road, but also a sense of" generation "), rather than pure" Shuo ". To understand this, is particularly important for the plain grasp of Xunzi's philosophy of Confucianism history.

【作者单位】： 北京师范大学价值与文化研究中心、哲学学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“荀子的工夫论及其哲学基础研究”(项目编号:12CZX034) “中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(项目编号:SKZZY2014082)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B222.6
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本文编号：1662206