马克思《博士论文》中人的解放思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 09:09

本文选题：马克思　切入点：博士论文　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思在1841年写的博士论文——《德谟克利特的自然哲学与伊壁鸠鲁的自然哲学的差别》一文中,主要将古希腊两位著名哲学家伊壁鸠鲁以及德谟克利特的自然哲学进行了分析以及比较,并对其观点进行阐述和评价。在这个过程中,我们可以从其中看到马克思自由意识思想的体现以及人的解放思想的萌芽。马克思写作博士论文,其理论来源主要是对伊壁鸠鲁哲学进行研究的成果,这从七本《关于伊壁鸠鲁哲学的笔记》可以看出;同时,马克思深受古典哲学家们以及当时社会生活环境的影响,自身有着深切的人文关怀。在《博士论文》中,马克思阐述了德谟克利特及伊壁鸠鲁两种原子论在总体、原则及细节上的差别,并在一定程度上肯定了伊壁鸠鲁哲学中人的自我意识的意义,提出对宗教对神的质疑。这些观点在一定程度上体现了青年马克思对人的自由的关注,对哲学实践性的肯定,以及对宗教现实束缚的反感。同时,在《博士论文》时期,虽然马克思还未逃离唯心主义的窠臼,但是对黑格尔“自我意识”及宗教思想有着自己独到的见解,同时批判了青年黑格尔派不现实的自由观,并创新性的运用了黑格尔辩证法对德谟克利特与伊壁鸠鲁自然哲学进行分析。结合马克思一生的哲学思想脉络,人的解放思想占有着举足轻重的地位,而回过头来观看马克思早期的《博士论文》,就会发现马克思在青年时期就关注到了这个问题。“人的解放”是个永恒性话题,通过对《博士论文》中人的解放理论的科学内涵进行分析和阐述,并对马克思《博士论文》中人的解放思想进行分析评价,我们可以追溯马克思人的解放思想的起源,能发现马克思人的解放思想的演变过程,能更明确地把握马克思解放观的科学内容,并彰显其价值。
[Abstract]:In Marx's doctoral thesis in 1841, "the difference between Democritus's philosophy of Nature and that of Epicurus," This paper mainly analyzes and compares the natural philosophy of two famous ancient Greek philosophers Epicurus and Democritus, and expounds and evaluates their viewpoints. We can see from it the embodiment of Marx's free consciousness and the germination of human emancipation. Marx wrote his doctoral thesis mainly from the research results of Epicurus' philosophy. This can be seen from seven Notes on the philosophy of Epicurus; at the same time, Marx, deeply influenced by classical philosophers and the social environment of his time, has a deep humanistic concern. Marx elaborated the differences between Democritus's and Epicurus' atomic theories in the aspects of collectivity, principle and detail, and affirmed to a certain extent the significance of human self-consciousness in Epicurus' philosophy. To some extent, these viewpoints reflect young Marx's concern for human freedom, his affirmation of philosophical practicality, and his antipathy to the bondage of religious reality. At the same time, in the period of doctoral thesis, Although Marx had not escaped from the stereotype of idealism, he had his own unique views on Hegel's "self-consciousness" and religious thought, and criticized the unrealistic view of freedom of the young Hegel school. And innovative use of Hegel dialectics to analyze the natural philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. Looking back at Marx's early doctoral thesis, we will find that Marx paid attention to this issue in his youth. "the liberation of human beings" is an eternal topic. By analyzing and expounding the scientific connotation of the theory of human liberation in doctoral thesis, and analyzing and evaluating the emancipation of man in Marx's doctoral thesis, we can trace back the origin of Marx's emancipation thought. It can find out the evolution process of Marx's emancipation thought, grasp the scientific content of Marx's emancipation view more clearly, and show its value.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B0-0

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