清代民国洛学研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 07:34

本文选题：清代 + 民国　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国学即中华学术,儒学是主流、经学是核心,洛学是宋代之后的大本营。“洛学”作为宋代理学四大流派之一,由北宋时期洛阳人程颢、程颐两兄弟创立,至南宋朱熹而集大成,遂后世多以“程朱”并称,故洛学在元明清三代也逐渐成为了河南理学的专指。程朱理学是传统理学当中的正统派,在元代实现官学化之后,于明清两代得以延续,统治中国思想界数百年之久。河南因是二程故乡、洛学发源,因此在元明清三代,始终是学术文化界的主流。清代洛学的发展是全国范围理学发展的重要组成部分,但又呈现出相对的独立性,基本上分为清初的复兴和大盛、清中期的平稳发展、咸同年间至光绪中期的复兴和光宣年间的式微四个发展阶段,并最终随着科举制的废除而与中国传统学术一道走上创造转型的新生之路。整体上看,有清一代洛学的发展并没有受到乾嘉汉学等学术风潮的根本冲击,这一方面与程朱理学是官方意识形态及中州学术传统有重要关系,一方面也离不开最高统治者对中州洛学先贤的表彰和一方封疆大吏、督抚学政和洛学家们积极弘扬的努力。清代前期中州理学界群星璀璨,“中州八先生”现象的出现及他们的理学成就和教育实践,在一定程度上已经指引了有清一代河南学术文化的基本走向。乾嘉时期,中州虽未出现有突出成就的理学名家,但也未受到汉学的冲击,依然是学术主流,并很快在全国理学复兴的大潮中,再次成为理学的重要阵地,李棠阶和倭仁便是其中的佼佼者,因此加上之前的“中州八先生”,便有了“中州十先生”之谓。随着科举制的废除,中国传统学术一时间失去了得以存活的制度保障,洛学也走上了转型之路,李时灿和王锡彤便是这个新旧交替时期的典型代表。其中,李时灿更是被公认为是河南地区最后一位理学家,其一生无论是事功还是学术,均对河南地区理学和教育的转型有突出贡献,其对中州文献的整理也使得中州传统学术进入到了最后的集成与总结阶段。民国时期,河南籍学者嵇文甫早年为学受到李时灿影响,后求学于北京大学哲学门,是我国最早用马克思主义哲学研究中国传统学术的学者之一,其对理学的研究有自身的特色。然而民国时期河南地区乃至全国范围内,论及传统理学的现代转型,首屈一指的还是河南籍学者冯友兰先生接着宋明理学来讲的“新理学”思想体系,而另一位河南籍学者赵纪彬与之针锋相对而提出的“反新理学”体系亦不可忽视。河南籍学者在传统理学的转型中依然扮演着重要角色。洛学作为理学的主体自诞生之日起,便是应对社会危机、拯救世道人心的实用哲学。明清易代之际的理学“道统”重建,走的依然是以“文化认同”促进“政治认同”的传统道路,晚清社会危机越是深重,“崇正学”以匡扶世道的呼声也就越是高涨。民国年间尤其是抗日战争时期新儒家对理学的保守回归,也有着唤起中华民族斗志的现实需要,传统洛学影响效应之长久可见一斑。清代洛学缺少义理的创生和学理的构建,但在人伦道德之上却日渐精细,这一方面有助于基层社会的管理和控制,但另一方面也使得以其为主体的中州学术文化逐渐失去了开放性和创新的活力,及至民国才渐有迎头赶上之势。清代洛学的完整绵延,最大程度上保留了中国传统的理学文化;民国洛学的创造转型,为发掘传统文化的现代价值做出了有益探索,凡此均是现今应继承的重要文化遗产。
[Abstract]:The Ancient Chinese Literature Search academic, Confucianism is the mainstream, Confucianism is the core, Luoxue is after the Song Dynasty stronghold. "Learning" as one of the four major schools of Neo Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty Luoyang Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi two brothers founded Zhu Xi and master of the Southern Song Dynasty, and later in "Cheng Zhu" it is said in Luo Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties three generations has become Henan science. Specifically neo-Confucianism is the traditional science of orthodoxy, after realizing the officialization of Yuan Dynasty, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties two generations to continue, for hundreds of years in the rule China realm of thought. Because Henan is second hometown, Luoxue origin therefore, in the Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties three generations, has always been the mainstream of academic development in Qing Dynasty and cultural circles. Learning is an important part of national science development, but also shows the relative independence, basically divided into early Renaissance and prosperous and stable development of the mid Qing Dynasty, Tongzhi to Guangxu years The mid and micro light years Xuan revival of four stages of development, and ultimately with the abolition of the imperial examination system and the traditional academic Chinese embarked on a road of transformation to create new road. On the whole, there is a clear development of science has not been fundamentally Telok Sinology academic trend impact, on the one hand and neo-Confucianism is the official ideology and academic tradition of Zhongzhou has an important relationship, one also cannot do without the supreme ruler of Zhongzhou Luoxue sages recognition and party governor fengjiangdali, political science and Los scientists actively promote efforts. The academic stars in Zhongzhou in the early Qing Dynasty, "achievement and educational practice in Zhongzhou eight Mr." phenomenon and their science, to a certain extent, has guided with basic trend of Qing Dynasty academic culture in Henan. In the period, although Zhongzhou did not appear to have made outstanding achievements in Science Masters, but has not been The impact is still the mainstream, and soon learn in Science in the tide of national rejuvenation, has become an important position in science again, Li Tangjie and woren is one of the best, so before adding the "Zhongzhou eight", it is a "Mr. Zhongzhou ten" that with the abolition of the imperial examination. For a time, the traditional academic Chinese lost to guarantee survival, Luoxue also embarked on a transformation of the way, Li Shican and Wang Xitong is a typical representative of the transitional period. Among them, Li Shican is widely recognized as the Henan area is finally a theorist, his life is no matter or academic achievements. Outstanding contributions to science and education transformation to the Henan area, the Zhongzhou literature also makes Zhongzhou traditional academic into integration and summary of the final stage. The period of the Republic of China, Henan scholar Ji Wenfu early learning by Li Shi Chan, after studying in Peking University philosophy, is China's one of the earliest scholar Marx China traditional academic studies of Marxist philosophy, which has its own characteristics of science. However, during the period of the Republic of Henan area and nationwide, and the traditional science of the modern transformation, leading Henan scholar Feng Youlan then Mr. song and Ming Dynasty in terms of the "new science" ideology, another Henan scholar Zhao Jibin and the tit for Tat system proposed "new science" should not be ignored. Scholars from Henan still play an important role in the transformation of the traditional Confucianism. As the subject of science learning since the date of birth, it is to deal with the social crisis, to save the world. The practical philosophy of Ming and Qing Dynasty Neo Confucianism "orthodoxy" reconstruction, go still is to promote the "cultural identity", "political identity". The road is more serious social crisis in the late Qing Dynasty, "learn to help the world in" the voice is more high. Especially during the Republic of China during the Anti Japanese War of Neo Confucianism Neo conservative regression, there is need to arouse Chinese spirit of reality, the traditional learning effect of Long Qing Luo remarkable. Learn the lack of justice and creation science construction, but in human morality has become increasingly sophisticated, with management and control to help grass-roots society on the one hand, but on the other hand also makes the main Zhongzhou academic culture gradually lost its openness and innovation, and gradually catch up to the Republic of China the potential of Luoxue in Qing Dynasty. The complete duration, the maximum extent retained the Chinese traditional culture; the creation of Luoxue transformation, to make a beneficial exploration for promoting the modern values of traditional culture, all this is the inheritance An important cultural heritage.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B2

【参考文献】