从经验论看休谟的人格同一性难题

发布时间：2018-04-23 03:33

本文选题：人格同一性 + 观念论　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文讨论大卫·休谟的人格同一性问题。休谟在《人性论》第一卷第四章第六节阐述了他关于人格同一性的基本观念:传统意义上恒久不变的人格实体是不存在的,人格的同一只是人们想象力的虚构,所谓的自我或人格是以不能想象的速度互相接续着、并处于永远流动和运动之中的知觉的集合或一束知觉。但是休谟对自己关于人格同一性的这个解释并不满意。他在《人性论》的附录中坦言"在我较严格地检查了关于人格同一性的那一节之后,我却发现自己陷入了那样一个迷境,使我不得不承认,我既不知道如何改正我以前的意见,也不知道如何使那些意见互相一致" 1。这就是休谟的人格同一性问题。休谟在论证过程中将对人格同一性的证明转化为证明我们为什么有人格同一性的感觉,并将这种感觉的证明再次转化为考察组成意识的各个知觉如何建立起联系并具有整体的统一性。本文首先通过对休谟对人格同一性的证明过程以及他为何后来坦言证明失败,以及国内外学者关于休谟人格同一性难题的分析,厘清休谟人格同一性难题的具体所指和主要困难;其次,将休谟解释人格同一之感陷入僵局的主要原因归于英国经验主义观念论自身的局限性,通过考察洛克与巴克莱的经验论对观念的规定,以及与其各自的观念论相对应的人格理论,进一步探讨休谟的观念论的缺陷同其人格同一性理论难题的关系;最后从观念论的缺陷与人格理论内在的矛盾之处入手,探讨解决休谟人格同一性难题的两个途径:能否或者在多大程度上在休谟理论框架内部寻求解决方法;在休谟理论外部寻找更为有效的解决途径,比较康德和威廉·詹姆斯各自结合观念的方法,引入威廉·詹姆斯的思想流学说和他的彻底经验主义的方法,以修补休谟的人格同一性理论。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the personality identity of David Hume. Hume expounds his basic concept of personality identity in the first volume, chapter four, section six, of the Theory of Human Nature: there is no permanent personality entity in the traditional sense, and the identity of personality is only the fiction of people's imagination. The so-called self or personality is a collection or bunch of perception that is connected to each other at an unimaginable speed and is in perpetual flow and motion. But Hume was not satisfied with his interpretation of personality identity. In the appendix to the Theory of Human Nature, he admitted, "after I examined the section on personal identity more closely, I found myself in such a puzzle that I had to admit that I had no idea how to correct my previous opinion. Also do not know how to make those views agree with each other "1. This is Hume's personal identity. Hume transformed the proof of personality identity into the sense of why we have a sense of lattice identity in the process of argumentation. The proof of this kind of feeling is transformed again into examining how the consciousness of composition establishes the connection and has the unity of the whole. This paper first analyzes Hume's proof process of personality identity and why he later confessed to his failure, and the domestic and foreign scholars' analysis of Hume's identity problem. Secondly, the main reasons for Hume's explanation of the deadlock of personality identity are attributed to the limitations of British empiricism. This paper explores the relationship between Hume's limitation of concept theory and the difficult problem of personality identity theory by examining the regulations of Locke's and Barclays' empiricism and the personality theory corresponding to his own concept theory. Finally, starting with the defects of concept theory and the contradiction of personality theory, this paper discusses two ways to solve Hume's personality identity problem: can or to what extent to find a solution within the framework of Hume's theory; To find a more effective solution outside Hume's theory, compare Kant's and William James's methods of combining ideas, and introduce William James's theory of thought flow and his thorough empiricism. To repair Hume's theory of personality identity.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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